Settlement Analysis

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 Settlement

Immediate Settlement: Occurs immediately after the construction. This is

computed using elasticity theory (Important for Granular soil)

Primary Consolidation: Due to gradual dissipation of pore pressure induced by

external loading and consequently expulsion of water from the soil mass, hence
volume change. (Important for Inorganic clays)

Secondary Consolidation: Occurs at constant effective stress with volume

change due to rearrangement of particles. (Important for Organic soils)
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For any of the above mentioned settlement calculations, we first need
vertical stress increase in soil mass due to net load applied on the
foundation 2
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Elastic Settlement

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Stress Due to a Concentrated Load

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Stress due to a Circularly Loaded
Area

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 Distribution of Stress
(from a vertical line load)

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Stress below a Rectangular Area

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Stress Influence Chart

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Approximate methods
2:1 method

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Approximate methods

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 Average Vertical Stress Increases
Due to a Rectangularly Loaded Area

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 Average Vertical Stress Increases
Due to a Rectangularly Loaded Area

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Average Vertical Stress Increases
in a given layer

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Elastic settlement Based on the
Theory of Elasticity

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Elastic Settlement of Rectangular
footings

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Elastic Settlement on Saturated
Clay

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Multi-layer systems

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Elastic Settlement

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Elastic Settlement

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Elastic Settlement

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Elastic Settlement

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Elastic Settlement Using the Strain Influence
Factor: [Schmertman Method (1978)]

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Elastic Settlement Using the Strain Influence
Factor: [Schmertman Method (1978)]

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Elastic Settlement Using the Strain Influence Factor:
[Schmertman Method (1978)]

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Elastic Settlement Using the Strain Influence Factor:
[Schmertman Method (1978)]

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Next topic…

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