GOOD

Afternoon
An object is to travel a distance of 8 meters. Express velocity V as a function V (t) of
travel time t, in second.
Table of values
t (seconds) 1 2 3 4 5
v (meter per
8 4 2.67 2 1.6 (1, 8)𝐯 ( 𝐭 ) = 𝟖
seconds) 𝐭
∴Ordered pairs: (1, 8), (2, 4), (3, 2.67), (4, 2)
and (5, 1.6). (2, 4)
(3, 2.67)
Rational Function: (4, 2)
(5, 1.6)
 Suppose that (in mg⁄ml) represents the concentration of a drug in a patient’s blood
stream (t) hours after the drug was administered. Construct a table of values for c
(t) for t= 1, 2,5,10. Round off answers to three decimal places. Use the table to
sketch a graph and interpret the results.

t (seconds) 0 1 2 5 10
v (meter per
seconds) 0 2 2 1.11 0.59

∴Ordered pairs: (0,0), (1, 2), (2, 2), (5, 1.11) 𝟔𝒕

and (10, 0.59). 𝒄 ( 𝐭 )= 𝟐
𝒕 +𝟐
Interpretation:
The graph indicates that the maximum drug (1, 2)
concentration occurs from 1 to 2 hours after (2, 2) (5, 1.11) (10, 0.59)
the drug was administered. And after 2 hours,
the drug concentration decreases until it is
almost zero.
Direction: Pick a number then identify if it is a rational or irrational number.

4
1
2 −972 𝜋 094 √2 2
1
2

3 11
0.3434434443… 4 √ 81 0
0.999999 …
Rational Numbers Irrational Numbers
094 √2
−972 𝜋
√ 81 11
0.999999 … 0
3 0.3434434443…
4 1
1 2 2 √2
4 2 √4
Rational Expression
 It is an expression that can be written as a ratio of two
polynomial functions.
 It can be described as a function where either the numerator,
denominator, or both have a variable on it.
Examples:
2 −5
9𝑥 +12𝑥+4 10 𝑥 +2 𝑥 +3
4 2
3𝑥 8 𝑥 +4

3 𝑥 +18 −13
3
2 15 𝑥 +36 𝑥 − 4

√16 𝑥 +36 6 𝑥 3 +4 𝑥2 +𝑥 − 2
3
10 𝑥 4
2 𝑥 −7
 DISTINGUISH
RATIONAL FUNCTION,
RATIONAL EQUATION
AND RATIONAL
INEQUALITY
 RATIONAL FUNCTION
A function in the form of

where p(x) and q(x) are polynomial functions, and q(x) is not the zero function.
All polynomial functions can be written as a fraction. For instance, we have the polynomial
function f defined by f(x)= f also be written as Thus, polynomial functions are rational
functions.
Examples:
Tell whether the following are examples of rational function or not.

𝟏
√ 𝟑 𝒙 =(𝟑 𝒙 ) 𝟐
 RATIONAL FUNCTION
A function in the form of

where p(x) and q(x) are polynomial functions, and q(x) is not the zero function.
All polynomial functions can be written as a fraction. For instance, we have the polynomial
function f defined by f(x)= f also be written as Thus, polynomial functions are rational functions.
Examples:
Tell whether the following are examples of rational function or not.

3
3

𝟑 + 𝟓 𝒙 𝟔+ 𝒙 𝟓 − 𝒙 𝟒
𝟒
𝒙
 RATIONAL FUNCTION
A function in the form of

where p(x) and q(x) are polynomial functions, and q(x) is not the zero function.
All polynomial functions can be written as a fraction. For instance, we have the
polynomial function f defined by f(x)= f also be written as Thus, polynomial functions are
rational functions.
Examples:
Tell whether the following are examples of rational function or not.

=
= 4x
 RATIONAL EQUATION
An equation involving rational expressions.

Examples:
Tell whether the following are examples of rational function or not.

c) -
d) + = 10
 RATIONAL INEQUALITY
An inequality involving rational expressions.

Symbols:
Examples:
Tell whether the following are examples of rational function or not.

c) 0
 RATIONAL RATIONAL RATIONAL
FUNCTION EQUATION INEQUALITY

A function in the form of

An inequality involving
An equation involving rational expressions.
Definition where p(x) and q(x) are
rational expressions.
polynomials, and q(x) is
Symbols:
not the zero function.

Examples

NOTE:
Determine first if the given is a rational expression before identifying if it is rational
function, rational equation and rational inequality.
5 3 17
− =
𝑥 4𝑥 4𝑥

Rational Equation
 2
𝑥 +6 𝑥 +8
𝑓 ( 𝑥 )=
𝑥 −2

Rational Function
2 𝑥
− 3=
1
3 𝑥+ 4
𝑥 2

None of these
𝑥> √ 𝑥+ 2

None of these
2 (𝑥 − 4 )
≤0
𝑥

Rational Inequality
 1 𝑥
=1−
1−𝑥 𝑥−1

Rational Equation
Rational Function
 2
𝑥 − 5 𝑥 +6
>8
√𝑥
3 3
+2

Rational Inequality
RATIONAL FUNCTIONS, RATIONAL EQUATIONS, AND
RATIONAL INEQUALITIES

A rational function expresses a relationship

between two variables (such as x and y), and can
be represented by a table of values or a graph.
While the While the rational equation or
inequalities can be solved for all x values that
satisfy the equation or inequality.
SOLVING RATIONAL
EQUATIONS
Rational Equation
 is an equation indicating that two expressions with at least one
term written as a fraction are equal.

To simplify rational equations, apply the CRAM method:

C- Clear all fractions by multiplying both sides of the equation by the
LCD of the terms.
R- Remove all the grouping symbols, if there is any.
A- Add or Subtract similar terms.
M- Multiply or divide both sides by the numerical coefficient of the
variable, leaving only the variable on the left side of the equation with
coefficient equal to 1. Then check the result.
To simplify rational equations, apply the CRAM method:
C- Clear all fractions by multiplying both sides of the equation by the LCD of the terms.
R- Remove all the grouping symbols, if there is any.
A- Add or Subtract similar terms.
M- Multiply or divide both sides by the numerical coefficient of the variable, leaving only the variable on the
left side of the equation with coefficient equal to 1. Then check the result.
Example 2 :
𝑥 +5 3
=
2𝑥 4 Solution 2.
Solution 1. 𝑥 +5 3
2 𝑥𝑥+5
+5 33 x =
4 𝑥( )=(
= )4 𝑥 2 𝑥 4
22𝑥𝑥 44
4(x+5) = 3(2x)
2(x+5) = 3x 4x+20 = 6x
2x+10 = 3x
4x – 6x+20 = 0
2x-3x+10 = 0
– 2x = - 20
-x = -10
-1[-x = -10]-1
x = 10 x = 10
 To simplify rational equations, apply the CRAM method:
C- Clear all fractions by multiplying both sides of the equation by the LCD of the terms.
R- Remove all the grouping symbols, if there is any.
A- Add or Subtract similar terms.
M- Multiply or divide both sides by the numerical coefficient of the variable, leaving only the variable on the
left side of the equation with coefficient equal to 1. Then check the result.

Example 2 : Checking: x = 5
𝑥 1 8
− = 2
𝑥 +2 𝑥 −2 𝑥 −4
Solution 1.
( 𝑥+2)(𝑥 − 2)
[ 𝑥
𝑥+2
−
1
𝑥 −2
= 2
8
𝑥 −4
( 𝑥+ 2)( 𝑥 − 2)
]
𝑥 ( 𝑥 − 2 ) − ( 𝑥 + 2 )= 8
𝑥2 − 2 𝑥 − 𝑥 − 2= 8
2 Checking: x = 2
𝑥 − 3 𝑥 − 2 − 8 =0
𝑥2 − 3 𝑥 − 10= 0
( 𝑥 − 5 ) ( 𝑥 + 2 ) =0Extraneous Solution -
An apparent solution that
does not solve its
x=5 x = -2 equation.
Thank you 
To simplify rational equations, apply the CRAM method:
C- Clear all fractions by multiplying both sides of the equation by the LCD of the terms.
R- Remove all the grouping symbols, if there is any.
A- Add or Subtract similar terms.
M- Multiply or divide both sides by the numerical coefficient of the variable, leaving only the variable on the
left side of the equation with coefficient equal to 1. Then check the result.
Example 2 :
𝑥 +5 3
=
2𝑥 4 Solution 2.
Solution 1. 𝑥 +5 3
=
2 𝑥𝑥+5 +5 33 x
2 𝑥 4
4 𝑥( =
)=( ) 4 𝑥 4(x+5) = 3(2x)
22𝑥𝑥 44 4x+20 = 6x
2(x+5) = 3x 4x – 6x+20 = 6x – 6x
2x+10 = 3x – 2x+20 = 0
2x-3x+10 = 3x-3x – 2x+20 -20 = 0 -20
-x+10-10 = 0-10 – 2x = -20
-x = -10
-1[-x = -10]-1
x = 10 x = 10