SOME APPLICATIONS OF

DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS IN
RLC ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT
PROBLEMS
NAME: ARINDAM MONDAL
REG. NO: 200301190006
BRANCH: MI 1 SEM
ST

GUIDED BY-----
BALAJI PADHAY SIR
 CONTENTS
►ABOUT RLC CIRCUIT
►RLC CIRCUIT’S DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION FORMS
►RLC CIRCUIT PROBLEM
►CONCLUSION
 ABOUT RLC CIRCUIT
An RLC-series circuit consists of a resistor, a conductor, a capacitor and an emf as shown the figure.

Here, R= Resistance
C= Capasitance
L= Inductance
V= Impressed voltage
 DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION FORMS OF RLC CIRCUIT
Using the Kirchhoff’s law, the sum of the voltage drops across the three elements inducter, resistor and
capasitor equal to the external source emf. Thus the RLC circuit is modeled by,
L Q= E(t)------ 1
Which contains two dependent variable Q and I. Since I= the above equation can be write as,
L+R Q= E(t)-----
2
Which contains only one dependent variable Q. Differentiating equ.1with respect to “t”, we obtain,
L+R = -------
Which contains only one dependent variable I.
3
Thus the charge Q and current I at any time in the RLC circuit are obtain as solutions of equ.2 and 3 which are
both linear and 2nd order non homogeneous ordinary differential equations. The equ.3 is used more often, since
current I(t) is more important than charge Q(t), in most of practical problems. The RLC circuit reduces to an RL
circuit in absence of capacitor and RC circuit when no inductor is present.

RLC CIRCUIT PROBLEM

Q:-- At t=0 a current of 2 amperes flows in an RLC circuit with resistance R=40 ohms, inductance L=0.2
henrys, and capacitance C=farads. Find the current flowing in the circuit at t>0 if the initial charge on the
capacitor is 1coulomb. Assume that E(t)=0 for t>0.

A:-- The equation for the charge Q is,

+40+10000Q= 0 or, +200 50000Q=0

Therefore we must solve the initial value problem,
+200 50000Q=0----- i
The desired current is the derivative of the solution of this initial value problem.

The characteristic equation of equ.i is,

+200r+50000=0
Which has complex zeros r=-100+-200i. Therefore the general solution of equ.i is,
Q= sin200t)-----
ii
Differenting this with respect to “t”,
-200 )cos200t+200 )sin200t]-----
ii
i
To find the solution of the initial value problem equ.i, we set t=0 in equ.ii and equ.iii to obtain,

and, -100 = (0)=2;

therefore, =1 and =
So, Q= sin200t) is the solution of equ.i, Differentiating this with respect to “t” ,
I= 251sin200t)

CONCLUTION
By using second order homogenous differential equation in RLC circuit we can find the current(i) in
the circuit when inductance (l), capacitance(c) and resistance (r) are given in a close circuit. It is also
useful in modern sciences as well as engineering fields. It is also can be used in radio stations and
used as band pass filter or high pass filter.
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