Masonry

• Terms
– F 15-1 -> 15-5
– Go thru all figures
– Joints between brick = ¼ inch
 Brick
• F 15-6
– Go thru sizes for brick
– Compressive strength range 2500psi –
22,000psi
– T 15-1 shows mortar strength
– Brisk wall only as strong as weakest part
 Brick
• Pattern bonds
– How bricks are laid
• Running bond – only stretcher courses with head joints
centered over stretchers
• Common bond – header course repeated at regular intervals
– usually 5th,6th or 7th course
• Flemish – bond – alternates stretchers and headers in each
course headers are centered over stretchers
• English bond - alternate courses of headers and stretchers
• Stack – no interlocking – architectural effect
– F 15-7
 Hollow Masonry Walls
• Masonry Cavity Walls
• Two masonry wythes separated by a 2” minimum
airspace and held together with metal ties
• Advantages over single masonry wall: greater
resistance to moisture penetration, better thermal
and acoustical insulation, excellent fire resistance
– Utility wall – made from utility brick, two walls
with brick used to bond walls together
 Hollow Masonry Walls
• Reinforced Brick Masonry Walls
• Hollow walls are filled with grout and rebar to
provide strength
• Can be precast
• Provides a strong wall with exterior finish – uses
less concrete
 Bond Beams and Lintels
• Bond Beam
– Continually reinforced horizontal beam of
concrete or masonry designed to provide
additional strength and prevent cracking
• Frequently placed in foundations and at roof levels
– Lintel – short beam of wood, steel, or
reinforced brick masonry to span opening in
masonry wall
– Masonry arch
– F15-11
 Control Joints
• Expansion Joints
• Used to permit differential movement due to
movement of floor slabs, foundation
• Separate walls into sections with vertical
expansion joints
Joints at doors and windows, columns, pilasters, wall
offsets, cross walls, under shelf anglesin multistory
buildings
– Control Joint – cut into masonry wall to control
shrinkage cracking
 Control Joints
• Structural bonding
• Flexible ties extending across joint or interlocking
construction
• F 15-12
– Flashing – layers of impervious material
• Used above vertical joints, roof and wall junctions,
window sills, other projections, chimneys
• F15-13
 Concrete Masonry
• Concrete Block
• Concrete Tile
• Solid load bearing concrete block
– Over 75% concrete
• Hollow load bearing concrete block
• Hollow non- load bearing concrete block
– Hollow block = at least 25% of core area is
empty
 Concrete Masonry
• Either heavy weight or light weight
concrete blocks
– Blocks can either be laid using mortar or laid
dry
– If dry use parging to join block together
– F 15-14
 Reinforced Concrete Masonry
• Provides additional strength and prevents
cracking
• F15-15, 15-16 -> 18
 Pattern Bond
• Running bond most common
• F 15-20
 Estimating Quantity
• Bricks
– 1. Calculate net surface area of wall
– 2. calculate surface area of 1 brick including
mortar
– 3. divide wall area by brick area
– 4. multiply by number of wythes in wall
– 5. add an amount for waste
 Estimating Quantity
• Mortar
– Volume per brick =(t)(W)(L+H+t)
– t = mortar thickness
– W = brick width/depth inches
– L = length of bricj inches
– H = height of brick inches
– Add 25% waste
– For double wall must add in for mortar in
space
 Wind load on Fresh Masonry
• Need to brace fresh wall until mortar has
cured
– F 15-24
– Safe unbraced height = (Wt of wall / unit of
surface x wall thickness)/wind force
– T 15-3
• Mortar
– Must be well mixed
– Must have correct mix of fines and coarse
material
– Must not be used more than 2.5 hours after
initial mixing
• Placing Masonry and Reinforcing
– CMU and brick absorb water
– Should be stored dry
– Should be wetted before use and allowed to
surface dry
– Joints must be tooled for watertight joints