MICRO

ELECTRONIC

CAPSULE

PREPARED BY:
06/04/2022
MANJIL BARIK
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 CONTENT
INTRODUCTION
PARTS OF MICROELECTRONIC PILL
WORKING PRINCIPLE
STRUCTURE
SENSORS & CHIPS
ADVANTAGES
DISADVANTAGES
APPLICATION
REFERENCE

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 INTRODUCTION
A ‘Microelectronic pill’ is basically a multichannel
sensor used for remote biomedical measurements
using micro technology.
This has been developed for the internal study and
detection of diseases and abnormalities in the
gastrointestinal tract where restricted access
prevents the use of traditional endoscope.
The measurement parameters for detection include
real –time remote recording of temperature, pH,
conductivity and dissolved oxygen and in the GI
tract.
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 COMPONENTS OF MEC

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 How It Works Inside the Body
Capsule is swallowed by the patient like a
conventional pill.
It takes images as it is propelled forward by
peristalsis.
A wireless recorder ,worn on a belt receives
the images transmitted by the pill.
A computer workstation processes the data
and produces a short video clip or still images.

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 Sensors and Chips
 Silicon Diode (Sensor A):
Silicon Diode are commonly used temperature sensors in
electronic equipments.
 ISFET(Sensor B):
It can reveal pathological condition associated with abnormal pH
levels.
 Direct Contact Gold Electrode(Sensor C):
Conductivity measures are done by measuring the contents of
water and salt absorption ,breakdown of organic compounds into
charged colloids and the bile secretion.
 3 Electrode Electrochemical cell(Sensor D):
It detects activity of aerobic bacteria in large intestine and small
intestine.
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 Control Chip
 The ASIC(Application Specific Integrated Circuit) is the control
unit that connects together other components of the micro
system.
 It contains an analogue signal – conditioning module operating
the sensors, 10-bit analogue to digital (ADC) & digital to
analogue (DAC) converter, & digital data processing module.
 The pH ISFET sensor is biased as a simple source at constant
current with the source voltage changing with threshold voltage
& pH.
 The conductivity circuit operates at DC. It measures the
resistance across the electrode pair as an inverse function of
solution conductivity.
 ASIC & sensors consume 5.3mW power corresponding to 1.7mA
of current.
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Silver Oxide Batteries
Two Ag2O batteries are used.
Operating Time > 40 hours
Power Consumption = 12 mW
Corresponding current consumption = 3.9mA
Supply Voltage =3.1V

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 Radio Transmitter
Size of transmitter = 8×5×3 mm
It consumes 6.8mW power at 2.2mA of current
Data Transfer Rate = 1kbps
Frequency = 40.01 MHz
Bandwidth of the signal generated 10KHz

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RANGE & ACCURACY
RANGE
Temperature from 0 to 70°C
pH from 1 to 13
Dissolved Oxygen up to 8.2mg per litre
Conductivity above 0.05 mScm-1
Full scale dynamic Range analogue signal = 2.8V

ACCURACY
pH channel is around 0.2 unit above the real value
Oxygen Sensor is ±0.4 mgL
Temperature & Conductivity is within ±1%
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 ADVANTAGES
It is being beneficially used for disease detection &
abnormalities in human body. It is also called as
MAGIC PILL FOR HEALTH CARE.
Very long life of the cells(40hrs),Less
Power ,Current& Voltage requirement.
Quick and Accurate diagnosis
Less transmission length & hence zero noise
interference.
Provide a large number of images so easy to
diagnose from all the sides.
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DISADVANTAGES
It is unable to detect radiation abnormalities.
It cannot perform ultrasound & impedance
tomography.
Microelectronic Pills are expensive & are not
available in many countries.
Still it size is not digestible for small babies.

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 APPLICATION
For detection & abnormalities in human
body
Measure dissolved oxygen level
Determine the pancreatic diseases
Determination of internal body temperature
Measure value of acid excretion
For determination of pH in body

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 THANK YOU

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