COGNITIVE ERGONOMICS

PERTEMUAN 1:
BASIC COGNITIVE ERGONOMICS

Dr. -Ing. Novie Susanto, ST, M.Eng

Dr. Eng. Wiwik Budiawan, ST, MT
 MATERI KULIAH
TTMK POKOK BAHASAN
1 Basics in cognitive ergonomics: information processing, micro and
macro ergonomics, a systems approach
2 Approaches to cognitive ergonomics (Thinking processes in
cognitive ergonomics, data acquisition and analysis)
3
Human-machine system 1 : Introduction
4
Human-machine system 2 (User-centred design)
5
Hierarchical task analysis (HTA)
6
Mental Workload assessment
7 Review
8 UJIAN TENGAH SEMESTER
 MATERI KULIAH
TTMK POKOK BAHASAN
9 Usability 1 (Definitions of usability by ISO and Nielsen): Product design &
usability
10
Usability 2 (Usability testing, user experience): The model of Hassenzhal: self
products and act products
11 Human error theory (Accident causes in high risk systems, types of human
erroneous actions, mechanisms of accident, classification of errors and
contexts, approaches for accident prevention, foolproof and fail-safe
approaches for accident analysis, strengths and weaknesses of each approach)
12 Risk management (Definition of risk, risk comparisons between systems,
accident causes in high risk systems, traditional risk management approach,
trade-off between efficiency and thoroughness, resilience engineering): Risk
perception & risk homeostasis
13
Organization and safety culture
14
Attention, distractions, cell phone use & driving safety
15 Project presentation
16 UJIAN AKHIR SEMESTER
 RULES

• Kelas terdiri dari 16 pertemuan ( pertemuan ke 8 adalah

UTS dan pertemuan ke 16 adalah UAS).
• Kelas dimulai tepat waktu dengan toleransi keterlambatan
15 menit.
• No HP, No Laptop, No Pets, No drugs, No alcohol

4
 EVALUASI

No Komponen Penilaian Bobot (%)

1 UTS 35
2 UAS 35
3 Tugas 30
INTRODUCTION
 Mind for Behaviorists

Input: Sensation Output:

Behavior

What laws describe the relationship

between input and output?
 Mind for Cognitive Theorists

Mental
Representations:
Input: Sensation Goals, Expectations, Output:
Cognitive Maps Behavior
Processes

What happens inside the “box” to

produce the observed behavior?
 Cognitive Science
• Cognitive psychology -- human thinking.
• Cognitive science studies both human and
machine thinking (artificial intelligence).
– Cognitive science includes philosophy and
neuroscience as well as psychology.
• Non-human (artificial) intelligence:
– http://alice.pandorabots.com/
– http://www.fil.ion.ucl.ac.uk/~asaygin/tt/ttest.html#talktothem
 Cognitive ergonomics - definition
• studies cognition in work settings, in order to
optimize human well-being and system
performance
• focuses on the fit between human cognitive
abilities and limitations and the machine, task,
environment
• the scientific discipline that studies the
cognitive processes in the design of
technology and the environment in which this
technology is used by people
 Examples
• designing a software interface to be "easy to
use“
• designing a sign so that the majority of people
will understand and act in the intended
manner
• designing an airplane cockpit or nuclear
power plant control system so that the
operators will not make catastrophic errors
 Cognitive ergonomics (cont.)
• Cognitive ergonomics studies cognition in
work settings
• in order to optimize human well-being and
system performance
 examples- narrow definition
• TV or DVD player remote control — button
placement, orientation, size, shape, texture, and
color
• Computer software menu — the number, color,
arrangement, modes of access, and hierarchical
nesting of the screens in an online help system
• Design and layout for the buttons, knobs, and
dials on a car stereo
• Warning labels on consumer products — color,
configuration, size, and placement
 Examples- broad definition
• The configuration of equipment and furniture
in a hospital operating room to maximize team
performance and minimize errors of
perception, attention and judgment
• The design of a commercial jet’s cockpit to
correspond to the crew’s natural tendencies in
perception, memory, and decision making
Objectives of cognitive ergonomics
• shorten the time to accomplish tasks
• reduce the number of mistakes made (error)
• reduce learning time
• improve people’s satisfaction with a system:
performance, safety and health, work
condition
• Cognition is the processing of environmental
information acting on the environment
• any available system that processes
information in its environment to act upon it
could be called “Cognitive System” and
performs “cognitive work”.
 Closing
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