Mendelian Laws

Genetics- study of
heredity and
variation
 Heredity-the
transmission of
hereditary characteristics
from parents to
offspring
 Gregor Mendel

Austrian monk
• born in 1822
• in monastery known for
research and teaching
• after his death (1884)
acknowledgment of his discoveries in 1900
 Experiments with Pea Plants
- Seed coat colour (colored or
white)
- Seed shape
(round or Wrinkled)
- Seed colour
(yellow or green)
- Podcolour (green or yellow)
- Flower position (axial or
terminal)
- Pod shape (inflated or
constricted)
- Stem length (tall or dwarf)
 Mendel‘s Hypotheses

1. In each organism there is a

pair of factors which
controls the appearance of a
particular trait.
2. One member of the pair of
factors may hide or prevent
the appearance of the other
factor ( Law of Dominance)
3. In successive generations,
each factor is transmitted
unchanged.
4. During gamete formation,
the pair of factors segregate
or separate from each other
( Law of Segregation)
 Law of Segregation
• the pair of alleles of each parent
separate and only one allele passes
from each parent on to an offspring
• which allele in a parent's pair of
alleles is inherited is a matter of
chance 
• segregation of alleles
occurs during the process
of gamete formation
(meiosis)
• randomly unite at
fertilization