St.

Joseph’s College of Engineering

Department of Chemical Engineering

CH8791 TRANSPORT PHENOMENA

B S Rathi
Assistant Professor
Department of Chemical Engineering
St. Joseph’s College of Engineering
 Unit 5

Time smoothed
Phenomenological equations of change
Turbulence Boundary layer
relations for transfer and their applications
phenomena fluxes; for turbulent flow in
theory;
pipes;
Laminar and
turbulent
Introduction to Non-isothermal
hydrodynamics
Analysis of flow over macroscopic balances systems and
thermal and
flat surface. for isothermal flow multicomponent
concentration
systems, systems
boundary layer and
their thicknesses;
Macroscopic balances for isothermal flow systems

Mass Balance
Momentum Balance
Energy Balance
Mechanical Energy Balance
Time smoothed equations
+ Time smoothed in temperature
Turbulent shear/ Reynolds Stress
Analogies of transport properties
• Transport phenomena is the integrated study of
these three physical properties—they intertwine under many
circumstances.
• Generally, since concentration and temperature are scalar quantities,
analogies between mass and heat transport are more valid than those with
momentum.
• Nevertheless, with proper definitions, the transports of these quantities all
depend on transport coefficients with
the units of [length2/time]—kinematic viscosity, diffusivity, and thermal
diffusivity. This is why kinematic
viscosity is also called momentum diffusivity
• The flux laws of these quantities—Newton's law of viscosity, Fick's
law, and Fourier's law—all share the same linear constitutive equation.
The Chilton-Colburn analogy
+ The Reynolds analogy does not always give satisfactory results. Thus, Chilton and
Colburn experimentally modified the Reynolds’ analogy. The empirically modified
Reynolds’ analogy is known as Chilton-Colburn analogy and is given by

+ It can be noted that for unit Prandtl number the Chilton-Colburn analogy becomes
Reynolds analogy.
 The Prandtl analogy

+ In the turbulent core the transport is mainly by eddies and near the wall, that
is laminar sub-layer, the transport is by molecular diffusion. Therefore,
Prandtl modified the above two analogies using universal velocity profile
while driving the analogy (eq. 4.36).
The Van Karman analogy
+ Though Prandtl considered the laminar and turbulent laminar sublayers
but did not consider the buffer zone. Thus, Van Karman included the
buffer zone into the Prandtl analogy to further improve the analogy.