THE INTEGUMENTARY

SYSTEM
General

It's
your
skin
Skin makes up 16% of body
weight the largest organ in your
body: laid out flat, it would cover
close to 1.7 square metres of
ground
up to four skin's thickness
millimeters variesfrom 0.5
at its millimeters at its
thickest thinnest
 THE EPIDERMIS
Made up of 3
layers : the
apidermis, dermis,
and hypodermis
Stratum basale: is the
reproductive layer, consisting of
cylindrical cells and pigment-
producing cells located on the top
of the basal membrane, containing
the pigment melanin to help
prevent ultraviolet rays from
penetrating
Stratum basale: is the
reproductive layer, consisting of
cylindrical cells and pigment-
producing cells located on the top
of the basal membrane, containing
the pigment melanin to help
prevent ultraviolet rays from
penetrating
Stratum spinosum: consists
of many layers of cells
containing keratin fibers
and has tight connections
between cells. The thorny
layer is the upper layer,
forming the undulating
border and clearly with the
epidermis. The wavy
structure helps to increase
the contact area with the
epidermis,thus ensuring
the best nourishing ability
of the epidermal epithelium
- basal cells - through the
 Stratum granulosum:
there is keratinization,
manifested by the
appearance of
keratohyalin granules in
the cells. Inner layer:
there are flattened
keratinocytes that have
lost their nucleus
Stratum corneum: is
the outermost layer,
consisting of many
layers of dead horny
cells filled with fibers
keratin. they form a
tightly-
overlapping,waterpro
of layer that's
difficult for invading
 Dermis
- The dermis forms a clear boundary with
a dermis and a less obvious boundary
with adipose tissue.
-This is the underlying connective tissue
framework that supports the epidermis
- The dermis is
occasionally called the
true skin.
It located just below
the epidermis, is a
layer of strong and
- It further subdivides into two layers:
+The papillary layer
+The reticular layer
 3.HYPODERMIS
Title
The hypodermis is located between the dermis and
the fascia or periosteum, is a buffer organization
differentiated into a fat organization, has many cells
separated by walls, connected to the dermis in
which there are many blood vessels, nerves, and
branches. The thickness of the dermis depends on
the condition of each person.
 4.1 Sweat glands Title
The exocrine gland consists of 3 parts:
-The secretory sphere is circular in shape,
located in the deep dermis, with two
layers of cells: secretory cells and cortex
cells.
-Tubes through the dermis.
-ducts through the dermis, spiral-shaped,
consisting of a layer of cells infected with
horny granules .
4.2 Sebaceous glands
It is an exocrine gland located next to the hair

Title
follicle. It is a glandular capsule with many lobes,
each lobe has many layers of cells. The innermost
are cells that produce fat. Excreted through ducts on
facial skin.
4.3 Hair and Nails
-Hair is actually a modified type of skin ,at the
bottom of the follicle is the papilla
 4.3 Hair and Nails
- As cells multiply and produce keratin to harden the

Title
structure,they’re pushed up the follicle and through
the skin’s surface as a shaft of hair.Each hair has
three layers:the medulla, the cortex, and the cuticle.
-Like hair ,nail are a type of modified skin.The
protein keratin stiffens epidermal tissue to form
nails.Nails grow from a thin area called the
matrix.The matrix creates new skin cells,which
pushes out the old,dead skin cells to make the nails
 Functions
1. Protection:
of the skin
- to fight bad agents from the outside
environment Title
- helps our bodies from dehydration
- against invasion by infectious organisms.
- help protect us from dangerous ultraviolet rays
emitted by the sun.
2. Regulates body temperature:
 Functions of the skin
3. Cutaneous Sensation: The sensory function
Title
of the skin makes us aware of hot, cold, pain,
pressure, and touch.
4. Excretion function
5. Function

6.Other functions of the skin: 

Maintenance of the body form. 
Contains immune cells, which support the
 Ways to protect skin
Because your skin has so many vital functions,
taking care of it is important. Three simple habits
can help you keep your skin healthy.

Healthful Diet
Ways to protect skin

Keeping Skin Clean

Ways to protect skin

Limiting Sun
Exposure
 Skin cancer
One of the most talked-about diseases is skin
cancer. Cancer is a disease in which some
cells in the body divide uncontrollably. In
addition, overexposure to UV radiation
damages DNA, which can lead to the
formation of cancerous lesions
Some basic knowledge about
skin:
- Skin is very important to our health and well-being.
- The body's first line of defense against bacteria and
viruses
- Healthy skin maintains the balance of substances and
helps regulate body temperature.
-The skin is very sensitive, it can feel even though the light
touch as well
- It is the as strong
largest organ, impacts
covering almost 2m2 and
weighing 1/6 of the body
weight
-The condition of the skin
also has an important