CANCER

CANCER IS THE UNCONTROLLED GROWTH OF ABNORMAL

CELLS IN THE BODY. CANCEROUS CELLS ARE ALSO CALLED
MALIGNANT CELLS.
Cells are the building blocks of living things.
Cancer grows out of normal cells in the body.
Normal cells multiply when the body needs them,
and die when the body doesn't. Cancer appears to
occur when the growth of cells in the body is out of
control and cells divide too rapidly. It can also
occur when cells “forget” how to die.
TYPES OF
CANCER
 There are many different kinds of cancers. Cancer
can develop in almost any organ or tissue, such as
the lung, colon, breast, skin, bones, or nerve
tissue.
BRAIN CANCER

KIDNEY CANCER
LUNG CANCER
 CAUSES
There are multiple causes of cancers, including:
Radiation
Sunlight
Tobacco
Certain viruses
Benzene
Certain poisonous mushrooms and aflatoxins (a poison produced

by organisms that can grow on peanut plants)

However, the cause of many cancers remains unknown.
The most common cause of cancer-related death is lung cancer.
The three most common cancers in men in the United States

are prostate cancer, lung cancer, and colon cancer. In women in

the U.S., the three most frequently occurring cancers are
breast cancer, lung cancer, and colon cancer.
SYMPTOMS OF
CANCER
•Local symptoms: unusual lumps or swelling (tumor), hemorrhage
(bleeding), pain and/or ulceration. Compression of surrounding
tissues may cause symptoms such as jaundice (yellowing the eyes
and skin).

•Symptoms of metastasis (spreading): enlarged lymph nodes, cough and

hemoptysis, hepatomegaly (enlarged liver), bone pain, fracture of affected
bones and neurological symptoms. Although advanced cancer may cause pain,
it is often not the first symptom.
•Systemic symptoms: weight loss, poor appetite, fatigue and cachexia (wasting),
excessive sweating (night sweats), anemia and specific paraneoplastic
phenomena, i.e. specific conditions that are due to an active cancer, such as
thrombosis or hormonal changes.
PREVENTION
 Cancer prevention is defined as active measures to
decrease the incidence of cancer. This can be
accomplished by avoiding carcinogens or altering
their metabolism, pursuing a lifestyle or diet that
modifies cancer-causing factors and/or medical
intervention (chemoprevention, treatment of pre-
malignant lesions). The epidemiological concept of
"prevention" is usually defined as either
primary prevention, for people who have not been
diagnosed with a particular disease, or
secondary prevention, aimed at reducing recurrence
or complications of a previously diagnosed illness.
AIDS

AIDS
AIDS in drug users and homosexuals in the USA and Europe is
probably caused by the heavy ancillary use of glucocorticoids
and other immunosuppressive agents to medically treat the wide
range of the chronic serious illnesses.
 AIDS in hemophiliacs is clearly related to the use of
corticosteroids and other immunosuppressive agents to prevent
the development of antibodies for factors VIII and IX and to
treat chronic illnesses.
 AIDS in people receiving blood and/or tissue is related to the
use of glucocorticoids to prevent reactions of transfusion and
tissue rejection.
 AIDS in infants and children is probably caused by their
exposure to drugs and corticosteroids in utero and their
exposure to corticosteroids after birth used to treat their
chronic illnesses.
 AIDS in Africa is caused by malnutrition, release of endogenous
cortisol, and by opportunistic diseases. Atrophy in the lymphoid
tissue has been observed in HIV-negative people suffering from
malnutrition.
 SYMPTOMS OF
HIV AIDS
 While there are many symptoms of aids, including fatigue,
nausea, thrush, diarrhea, tingling sensation in the hands and
the feet, depression, rapid weight loss and fatty deposits on
the stomach and neck, there are very few symptoms of hiv.
 One of the reasons aids has spread so quickly in so many
places in the world is that there are few symptoms of hiv and
a person can be hiv positive for years, spreading the disease
to others, without having any idea that there is problem.
 The fact that there are few tangible symptoms of hiv
underlines the importance of preventing hiv and aids and not
engaging in behaviors, such as promiscuity or needle sharing,
which can increase the likelihood of catching the virus.
PREVENTION OF HIV AIDS
 Don't have sexual contact with anyone who has
symptoms of AIDS or who is a member of a high risk
group for AIDS.
 Don't share toothbrushes, razors or other implements
that could become contaminated with the blood of
anyone who is or might be infected with the AIDS virus.
or AIDS.
 Exercise caution regarding procedures, such as
acupuncture, tattooing, ear piercing, etc., in which
needles or other nonsterile instruments may be used
repeatedly to pierce the skin and/or mucous membranes.
 THANK YOU

MADE BY - BHAVYA KAPOOR

IX-C
ROLL NO. 13