B.

TECH PROJECT
PRESENTATION

SYNTHESIS OF FUEL FROM WASTE PLASTIC

BY

DINESH KUMAR YADAV

DINESH KUMAR MOOND
UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

DR SHASHIKANT YADAV(ASSISTANT PROFESSOR)

CONTENTS

• Introduction
• Literature review
• Experimental/ Methodology
• References
INTRODUCTION

• Plastic waste is regarded as a potentially cheap source of chemicals and energy. Lots of us
have encountered a variety of products that use plastic materials today. As a result of the
increasing level of private consumption of these plastic materials huge amount of wastes
are discharged to the environment.
INTRODUCTION

• Pyrolysis is the chemical decomposition of organic substances by heating the

word is originally coined from the Greek-derived elements pyro "fire" and lysys
"decomposition". Pyrolysis is usually the first chemical reaction that occurs in the
burning of many solid organic fuels, cloth, like wood, and paper, and also of some
kinds of plastic. Anhydrous Pyrolysis process can also be used to produce liquid
fuel similar to diesel from plastic waste. Pyrolysis technology is thermal
degradation process in the absence of oxygen.
 CONT…
• Plastic waste is treated in a cylindrical reactor at temperature of 300ºC – 350ºC. Now a
day’s plastics waste is very harmful to our nature also for human beings. Plastic is not
easily decomposable its affect in fertilization, atmosphere, mainly effect on ozone layer
so it is necessary to recycle these waste plastic into useful things. So we recycle this
waste plastic into a useful fuel. Pyrolysis of waste plastic is a prospective way of
conversion of waste plastic into low-emissive hydrocarbon fuel. Waste plastic materials
viz., polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene and polyethylene terephthalate were
collected from local convenience store packing materials. Waste plastic material pyrolysis
was conducted as individual plastics and as mixed feed in a new laboratory scale batch
reactor. Hydrocarbon molecules from the basic materials are split under the impact of
catalyst inside the reactor in 70–240 °C. The reduction of process takes place from 500–
600 °C to 240 °C in the presence of catalyst. The analyses of pyrolysis products
suggested that it can be used as a viable alternative to motor fuel.
SELECTION OF WASTE PLASTICS

• The conversion methods of waste plastics into fuel depend on the types of plastics to be
targeted and the properties of other wastes that might be used in the process. Additionally
the effective conversion requires technologies to be selected according to local economic,
environmental, social and technical characteristics. In general the feed stock for selection
of plastic should be non-hazardous and combustible.
• Some plastic have hazardous additives such as flame-retardants containing bromine and
antimony compounds or plastics containing nitrogen, halogens, sulfur or any other
hazardous substances which pose potential risks to humans and to the environment.
EXAMPLES ARE POLYETHYLENE, POLYSTYRENE AND PVC

• Thermosets or Thermosetting plastics :- can melt and take shape only

once. They are not suitable for repeated heat treatments; therefore
after they have solidified, they stay solid.
Examples - phenol formaldehyde and urea formaldehyde
• As a brief introduction to plastics, it can be said that plastics are synthetic organic
materials produced by polymerization. They are typically of high molecular mass, and
may contain other substances besides polymers to improve performance and/or reduce
costs. These polymers are made of a series of repeating units known as monomers.
Therefore polymers can be molded or extruded into desired shapes. There are two main
types of plastics: thermoplastics and thermosetting polymers.
Thermoplastics:- can repeatedly soften and melt if enough heat is applied and hardened
on cooling, so that they can be made into new plastics products.
 CONVERSION OF PLASTIC INTO FUEL
lets have a look into how plastic is actually converted into a useful resource there are many steps
involved in plastic pyrolysis process but we are simply going to see 5 steps

Pre-treatment Removes any foreign matter

Shredder Cut plastic into smaller pieces

Waste Plastic
Plastic is heated up to 450oC in the presence of
Pyrolysis
catalyst and in the absence of oxygen the plastic is
slowly melts and converted into gases state

Condensation conversion of vapor or gas to a liquid

Refining finally plastic waste is refined into appx

oil , gas, carbon black
LITERATURE REVIEW ON PLASTIC PYROLYSIS

• FACTORS AFFECTING PLASTIC PYROLYSIS :-

• 1. CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF FEEDSTOCK
• 2 CRACKING TEMPERATURE AND HEATING RATE
• 3 TYPE OF REACTOR
• 4 RESIDENCE TIME
• USE OF CATALYST
. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY:

• he plastic waste used in this process is polyethylene and polystyrene. The sample gathers
contains plastic bottles, waste packets, carry bags etc. Firstly the collected waste plastics
are shredded into small pieces and then it is weighted as per the capacity of the reactor.
After this pyrolysis plant is used to feed the plastic waste. The sample is not burned but
heated in the absence of oxygen. The pyrolysis plant consist of reactor, condenser,
catalyst room, cooling tube and fuel tank. In this process the waste plastics is converted
into renewable resource carbon smoke and combustible gas. The renewable resource after
refining can be used as fuel. The carbon smoke and combustible gas can again be used to
heat the sample.
CATALYSTS

• The catalyst uses for the conversion of waste plastics are CaC2, Al2O3 and ZSM5. The
catalyst not only increases the rate of reaction but also increases the need of the product.
The temperature required for this process ranges from 350 - 500 oC. Heating is done in
two steps first in the presence of catalyst Maximum mass loss of volatilization of
hydrocarbon occurred at 673K. when plastic waste is burn and converted into the fumes
occurred at maximum temperature of 673.The gas obtained from the plastics waste is
99.8%.Mass change percentage (448.5K to 673)
• When the waste plastics are converted into fumes /gas it passes thorough the condenser
where the fumes are condensed to come into liquid phase. Now the plastic fuel is
obtained further we will go for the refining process to gain the properties of petrol and
diesel to our plastic fuel.
• In refining process we will take the equal amount of water and plastic fuel. We will shake the
solution of water and plastic fuel then we will kept it to get stable. Keep it for 5-7 hours to get
settle in the mean time we will check the PH value of the plastic fuel which must approximately 7.
If the fuel is acidic we will remove the acidic nature of the fuel so that it will not corrode the
engine. Now it will goes for further purification we will remove the water and Sulphur
components. To remove water fuel is passed through the highly charged electrode, to remove the
Sulphur fuel is reacted with copper oxide so it will react with Sulphur and form copper sulphate.
The last process of refining id fractionalization, in this oil is heated for about 400 0C in presence of
iron. We will gain the plastic fuel whose properties will be compared with the properties of petrol
and diesel.
REFERENCE

• SYNTHESIS OF FUEL FROM WASTE PLASTIC A PROJECT REPORT

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/330194022_SYNTHESIS_OF_FUEL_FROM_WASTE_PLASTIC_A_PROJECT_REPORT?enrichId=rgreq-b02910c057b64a7d326a17bdfee6b5c1-XXX&enrichSource=
Y292ZXJQYWdlOzMzMDE5NDAyMjtBUzo3MTIzODE1MTY3NzEzMzFAMTU0Njg1NjM5Nzk3OQ%3D%3D&el=1_x_2&_esc=publicationCoverPdf

• TO STUDY THE PARAMETERS OF FUEL FROM WASTE PLASTICS (

http://iaeme.com/Home/issue/IJMET?Volume=9&Issue=4)