INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

FOR BUSINESS
Basics of Computer Systems

Aditya. Neltla
 Objective
In this chapter, you will learn

Basics of Hardware & Operating

Computer System Software System Networks
 Session Objective

• Components of Computer
In the last In this session, • Define Hardware
session, you • Bio Mimicry you will learn • Define Software
learned that: to: • Internal & External
Hardware devices
• Types of Software
 Session Objective

• Components of Computer
• Define Hardware
• Define Software
In this • Internal & External Hardware
session, you devices
• Types of Software
will learn • Deep dive into Software
 Basics of computer systems
What is a Computer?
How it works?
What are the different parts or components of a computer?
 Basics of computer systems
Components of Computer
 Physical components of a computer system.
 Basics of computer systems
Hardware and Software
 Hardware as consisting of physical components of a computer system.
 Internal Hardware Devices:
 Basics of computer systems
Hardware and Software
 Hardware as consisting of physical components of a computer system.
 Internal Hardware Devices:
 Basics of computer systems
Hardware and Software contd..
 External Hardware Devices and Peripherals
 Basics of computer systems
Hardware and Software contd..
 External Hardware Devices and Peripherals
 Basics of computer systems
What is Computer’s Input Device?
 An input device is a computer hardware device that are used to give data and control signals
 Basics of computer systems
What is Computer’s Output Device?
 An output device allows data to be transmitted by the computer in a human-friendly form
 Basics of computer systems
What are the types of printers?
 A printer is a device that accepts text and graphic output from a computer and transfers the information
to paper.

Impact Printers Non Impact Printers

Types of printer
1. 1.
 Impact printer
2. 2.
 Non – impact printer
3. 3.
4. 4.
5. 5.
6. 6.

Explanatory video:
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZJddkpM0GkU
 Basics of computer systems
Impact Printers Vs Non Impact Printers
Impact Printers Non Impact Printers

1. Produces graphics and characters on 1. Produces graphics and character on

piece of paper by striking. piece of paper without striking.
2. Prints by hammering a set of metal pin2. Printing is done by depositing ink in
character set. any form.
3. Electro-mechanical devices are used. 3. No Electro-mechanical devices are
used.
4. Faster speed around 250 words per 4. Slower speed around 1 page per 30
second. seconds.
5. Have banging noise of needle on paper 5. Works silently.
6. Ex: Dot-matrix printer, Daisy wheel 6. Ex: Inject printers, photo printers, etc.
printer, etc.
 Basics of computer systems
Impact Printers Vs Non Impact Printers

Printers

Impact printers Non – Impact printers

Character printer Line printer Line printer Page printer

Dot Matrix printer Chain printer Inkjet printer Laser printer

Daisy Wheel printer Drum printer

 Basics of computer systems
Hardware and Software
 Memory devices and it’s types
1. What is computer's memory?

2. Write the different types of computer memory (Primary

& Secondary).

3. What is a computer processor? Writs its importance.

 Basics of computer systems
MEMORY DEVICES
 Memory is a storage area of a computer where all the inputs (data as well as instructions) are stored
before processing and the outputs are stored after processing of inputs.
Types of Memory
Types of Memory

Primary Storage Secondary Storage

RAM (Random Access Memory) Magnetic Storage

ROM (Read Only Memory) Optical Storage

CACHE Memory Sold State Storage

Virtual Memory
 Basics of computer systems
MEMORY DEVICES
Types of Memory
 Primary Storage
• Primary storage, also known as main storage or main memory is a direct access storage device, consisting of a
number of storage locations.
• The various types of primary storages are:
• RAM (Random Access Memory) – Volatile Memory
• Whenever user enters any kind of data into computer system, it moves into primary memory for storage.
• This type of primary memory is known as RAM.
• There are 2 types of RAM (Random Access Memory):
a. Static RAM : Ex: MS- word – memory retains its content as long as power remains.
b. Dynamic RAM : Facebook news feed – memory must be constantly refreshed because DRAM loses
its stored information in a few milliseconds even though its power supply is ON.
 Basics of computer systems
MEMORY DEVICES
Types of Memory: Primary Storage: RAM (Random Access Memory), ROM (Read Only
Memory)
• ROM (Read Only Memory) – Non - Volatile Memory
• ROM is “built-in” computer memory also known as Firmware.
• Instructions that are required all the time in the system for running the computer are stored in ROM.
• There are mainly 3 types of ROM:
• a. PROM (Programmable Read Only ROM)
• The instructions are programmed by the user himself according to his requirement.
• The major disadvantage of PROM is that a shock of electricity can easily cause fuse in ROM to
burn out thereby corrupting the PROM.
 Basics of computer systems
MEMORY DEVICES
Types of Memory
 Primary Storage: RAM (Random Access Memory), ROM (Read Only Memory)
• b. EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory)
• The user can program the instructions himself according to his requirement and later on, he can
erase the instructions in it. (Using UV- Rays)
• c. EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory)
• EEPROM such as Flash Memory allow the entire ROM to be electrically erased then written to
without taking them out of the computer. (Erase a portion of content in ROM).
 Basics of computer systems
MEMORY DEVICES
Types of Memory
 Primary Storage: RAM (Random Access Memory), ROM (Read Only Memory)
 Cache Memory
• The processor accesses the main memory to read the instructions.
• The speed at which the processor executes the instructions is much faster than the speed at which the
instructions are transferred from the main memory.
• In order to make it compatible, a small very high-speed memory is used between main memory (RAM) and
processor.
• This type of memory is called cache memory/ buffers.
 Basics of computer systems
MEMORY DEVICES
Types of Memory
 Primary Storage: RAM (Random Access Memory), ROM (Read Only Memory), Cache Memory
 Virtual Memory
• When the computer is to process a large amount of data, some times the size of main memory or RAM
becomes inadequate or not sufficient to store that data.
• To overcome this problem the technique of virtual memory is used.
• In this case, operating system approaches to the secondary storage (hard disk) and borrows the required
amount of memory from it and utilizes it as a main memory or RAM for Processing the data.
• This borrowed or shared memory is called virtual memory.

Processor
Virtual Memory

Main Memory Hard disk

 Basics of computer systems
MEMORY DEVICES
Types of Memory
 Primary Storage: RAM (Random Access Memory), ROM (Read Only Memory), Cache Memory,
Virtual Memory
 Secondary Storage
Secondary Storage

Magnetic Storage Optical Storage Solid State Storage

Magnetic Tapes CD - ROM Flash Drive (Pen Drive)

Magnetic Disks DVD Memory Card
Floppy Disks / Removable disk.
Hard Disk / Fixed Disk.
 Basics of computer systems
Hardware and Software
 Processor
• A processor is an integrated electronic circuit that performs the calculations that run a computer.
• A processor performs arithmetical, logical, input/output (I/O) and other basic instructions that are passed from
an operating system (OS).
• Most other processes are dependent on the operations of a processor.
 Types of Processor: INTEL Vs AMD
 Basics of computer systems
Hardware and Software contd..
 Types of Software
 Software is a set of programs for controlling the operation of a computer or processing of electronic
data

Types of Software

Application Software System Software

 Basics of computer systems
Types of Software contd..
 Application Software
 Software is a set of programs for controlling the operation of a computer or processing of electronic
data
 Basics of computer systems
Types of Software contd..
 Application Software

Control software and Measuring Software Graphics manipulation software

 Basics of computer systems
Types of Software contd..
 System Software
 System software is a type of computer program that is designed to run a computer's hardware
and application programs.
 Basics of computer systems
Translators
 Which converts the source code into machine understandable format. This format is called
machine code.
 There are different types of translators:
 Compliers
 Interpreters
 Assemblers
 Basics of computer systems
Utility Software
 Utility software is the set of programs provided to ensure the proper functioning of the
computer.
 Generally, utility software comes along with some application software or system software.
 There are several types of utility programs that are commonly used.
 Some utility programs allow you to backup files;
 Some protect your computer from virus attacks and some recover the information erased.
 Basics of computer systems
Utility Software contd..
 In other words, we can say that utility programs or software perform housekeeping job in
computer.
 Some examples of utility software are : Notepad, WordPad, and Antivirus Program (Like:
AVG, AVAST etc.)
 Basics of computer systems
Operating System
 It is an important component of computer system.
 It can be defined as a set of programs that control how the system works.
 All computer must have an operating system used for starting the computer and to run other
programs.
 It provides an interface between the users and the hardware of a computer system.
 Without OS the software wouldn’t even be able to talk to the hardware and the computer
would be useless. User

MS-DOS, OS/2, UNIX, Application

Windows 98, Windows
XP, Windows Vista,
Windows 7, Window 8 Operating
and Linux. System

Hardware
 Basics of computer systems
Functions of Operating System
 There are various functions of OS.
 File management
Creation, modification,
Process management moving, copying,
Memory management Data Security and
Assignment of Data Integrity
interface processor to diff. tasks Allocation of main
Estd. of DS & DI so that
Between computer memory and other storage
unauthorized users does
hardware and software. areas to system and user
not access the system.
programs.

Functions of Operating System

 Assignment of
Software programs
Establishment of Assignment programs to
priority system Interpretation users as per their demand. Automatic transition
Input/output It interprets the commands
Maintains the order in or instructions
management which the jobs are to From job to job as
be created directed by special control
Assignment of the statements.
different I/O devices to
one or more programs

Functions of Operating System

 Easy communication ….

Error handling Provides easy

communication b/w …..
….
Handles errors during user and the computer
program loading or system.
execution

Functions of Operating System

 Basics of computer systems
Computer network

1. What is computer network?

2. Advantages of Computer Network

3. Disadvantages of Computer Network

4. Types of Networks: LAN, MAN, WAN

5. Network Topologies

6. Physical Communication Media: TCP/IP, OSI Model

 Basics of computer systems
Computer networks
 A computer network is a system in which multiple computers are connected to each other to
share information and resources.
 The connections between the computers are established using either cable/wired media.
 The best known computer network is the internet.
 Basics of computer systems
Advantages of computer network…
 Cost Connectivity & Centralized
Reduction Software High
Communication
Reliability
Sharing Management
and backup
Resources
 Basics of computer systems
Disadvantages of computer network…
 Network Network Threat from High
Implementation Management and Viruses Reliability
Data Cost Administration
and backup
Security Costs
Concerns
 Basics of computer systems
Computer Network…
 Sharing
Resources

Improved
performance Cost Reduction

Advantages of Computer network

Connectivity and
Higher Reliability Communication
and Backup

Centralized Software
Management
 Data Security
Concerns

Network
Implementation
Cost

Disadvantages of Computer network

Network
Illegal Behavior
Management and
Administration Cost

Threat from viruses

 Basics of computer systems

Types of computer network…(LAN, MAN, WAN)

 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ksvEw-ULgIQ
Network Topologies
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uSKdjjw5zow&t=124s
 Summary
In this chapter, you learned the following:

Each mobile device has an associated mobile platform. The platform is responsible for mobile
determining the functions and features available on the mobile device.

Some popular mobile platforms are: iOS, BlackBerry, Windows Mobile

Some popular mobile platforms are: Android, Symbian

mobile app development environment consists of: IDE, SDK