MICROBIAL

DISEASES
BY: SKIN &
Festin, Hazel EYES
Mae
 INTRODUCTION
Skin covers the human body and, like most coverings, is designed to protect what is
beneath. One of its main goals is to keep bacteria from entering underlying tissues and
organs from the outside world. Skin, however, is not immune to infection despite its role as
a protective covering.

The skin acts as a barrier against germs, but it can also become infected. These
elevated lesions (left) are typical of folliculitis, a disorder that occurs when hair follicles
become inflamed. Inflammation of hair follicles can also cause acne lesions (right).
Inflammation occurs when hair follicles become clogged with complex lipids, fatty acids,
and dead skin cells, creating an ideal habitat for bacteria to thrive.
 ANATOMY OF THE SKIN
Layers of the Skin

Human skin is made up of several

layers and sublayers. The two main
layers are the epidermis and the dermis.
These layers cover a third layer of tissue
called the hypodermis, which consists of
fibrous and adipose connective tissue.
ANATOMY OF THE
EYES
Although the eye and skin have distinct
anatomy, they are both in direct contact with the
external environment. An important component of
the eye is the nasolacrimal drainage system, which
serves as a conduit for the fluid of the eye, called
tears. Tears flow from the external eye to the nasal
cavity by the lacrimal apparatus, which is composed
of the structures involved in tear production.
 NORMAL MICROBIOTA IN
THE SKIN
GRAM POSITIVE, SALT TOLERANT BACTERIA

● Staphyloccoci
● Micrococci
● Diptheriods

➔ Grow on oils
➔ Aerobes on surface (Corynebacterium xerosis )
➔ Anaerobes in hair follicles (Propionibacterium acnes )
➔ Yeast (Malassezia furfur)
 Microbial diseases in skin
Exanthem: Skin rash arising from another focus of the infection

Enanthem: Mucous membrane rash arising from another focus of the infection
 Bacterial infections of the skin
STAPHYLOCOCCAL INFECTION OF THE SKIN:
● Staphylococcus epidermis
-Gram-positive cocci, coagulase-negative
● Staphylococcus aureus
-Gram-positive, coagulase-positive

❖ Folliculitis: Infections of the hair follicles

❖ Sty: Folliculitis of an eyelash
❖ Furuncle: Abscess; pus surrounded by inflamed tissue
❖ Carbuncle: Inflammation of tissue under the skin
❖ Impetigo: crusting (nonbullous) sores, spread by autoinoculation
Folliculitis Furuncle

Carbuncle

Sty

Impetigo
 Bacterial infections of the skin
STREPTPCOCCAL INFECTION OF THE SKIN:
● Streptococcus pyogenes
● Group A beta-hemolytic strptococci
● Hemolysins
● Hylaluronidase
● Stretolysins
● M proteins

STREPTOCOCCAL INDFECTIONS
❖ Necrotizing Fasciitis
❖ Erysipelas
Necrotizing Fasciitis

Erysipelas
 Bacterial infections of the skin
Invasive Group A Streptococcal Infections:
● Exotoxin A, Superantigen
 Bacterial infections of the skin
Infections by Pseudomonads:
● Pseudomas aeruginosa
-Gram-negative, aerobic rod
-Pyocyanin produces a blue green pus
● Pseudomobas dermatitis otitis externa, or “swimmer’s ear”
● Post-burn infections
● Opputunistic

❖ Buruli Ulcer
-caused by Myobacterium ulcerans
-deep, damaging ulcers
-exceeds incidence of leprosy
 Bacterial infections of the skin

CLASSIFICATION OF ACNE:
● Comedonal (mild) acne
● Inflammatory (moderate) acne
● Nodular cystic (severe) acne

❖ COMEDONAL ACNE
-mild
Sebum channels blocked with shed cells
-Treatment
Topical agents, Salicyclic acid preparations, Retinoids,
Adapalene
 Bacterial infections of the skin
❖ INFLAMMATORY ACNE
- Propionibacterium acnes
Gram-positive, anaerobic rod
- Treatmeant
Preventing sebum formation, Antibiotics,
Benzoyl peroxide, Visible(blue) lights

❖ NODULAR CYSTIC ACNE

- Severe
- Treatment
Isotretinoin
 VIRAL DISEASES 3. Chickenpox
-Varicella-zoster virus
OF THE SKIN - Transmitted by the
respiratory route
-Caused pus-fillef vesicles
1. Warts
-Papillomaviruses
Treatment:
- Removal, Imiquimod, Bleomycin 4. Shingles
- Reactivation of
1. Poxviruses
latent HHV-3
- Smallpox virus releases viruses
- Monkeypox that move along
peripheral nerves to
skin
5. Herpes Simplex
- Human herpesvirus 1 8. Fifth Disease
- Cold sores or fever - A.ka. erythema infectiosum
blister - Human parvovirus B19
produces mild flu-like
symptoms and facial rash

6. Measles (rubeola)
- Measles virus
- Transmitted by 9. Roseola
respiratory route - Caused by HHV-6 & 7
- High fever and rash lasting
7. Rubella for 1-2 days.
(German Measles)
- Rubella virus
- Mascular rash & fever
- Prevented by
vaccination
FUNGAL DISEASES OF THE SKIN AND
NAILS 1. Cutaneous Mycoses 2. Subcutaneous Mycoses
Dermatomycoses -more serious that cutaneous
- A.k.a tineas or ring mycoses
worm -Sporotruchosis
- Metabolize keratin

Tinea Unguium
- Treatment: 3. Candidiasis
Itraconazole -candida albicans(yeast)
Terbinafine -topical treatment with
miconazole or nystatin
4. Systemic Candidiasis PARASITIC
-Fulminating disease can result in
immunosuppressed individuals. INFESTATION OF
-Treatment: Fluconazole
THE SKIN
1. Scabies
-Sarcoptes scabiei burrows in the skin to
lay eggs.
-Treatment with topical insecticides.
2. Pediculosis (lice)
-Pediculus humanus capitis(head louse)
-P.h corporis(body louse)
Feed on blood, lay eggs on hair,
-Treatment with topical insecticides
 BACTERIAL DISEASES OF THE
EYE
1. Conjunctivitis
-inflammation of the conjunctiva
-also called pinkeye or red eye
-commonly caused by Haemophilus
influenzae
-Various microbes can also be the
cause
-Associated with unsanitary contact
lenses.
2. Ophthalmia neonatorum
-caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae
-transmitted to a newborn’s eyes during passage
through the birth canal
-prevented by treating a newborn’s eyes with
Antibiotics.
3. Chlamydia trachomatis
-causes inclusion conjunctivitis
-transmitted to a newborn’s eyes during passage
through the birth canal.
-Spread through swimming pool water
-Treated with tetracycline
 OTHER INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF
THE EYE
1. Keratitis
3. Acanthamoeba Keratitis
-inflammation
- Transmitted via water
of the cornea
- Associated with unsanitary
-bacteria
contact lenses.
-fusarium and apergillus

2. Herpetic Keratitis
- Caused by herpes simplex
virus
- Infects cornea and may
cause
blindness
- Treated with triluridine
 THANK
YOU!
SUBMITTED BY:
Festin, Hazel Mae V. SUBMITTED TO:
Ms. Michiku Takishima
PROFESSOR