GLOBAL POSITIONING

SYSTEM
AND
ITS APPLICATIONS
BY
Nikhil Seth
Gps

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• MERITS & DEMERITS
• ERRORS & IMPROVEMENTS
• APPLICATIONS
• WORKING
S
• GPS RECEIVER
• PRINCIPLE
• HISTORY
• INTRODUCTION
• INTRODUCTION
CONTENTS
CONTENTS
 INTRODUCTION
GPS - GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM

Network of Satellites transmitting coded information

Coded info decoded by receiver

As of now 31 satellites

Approx 20,000 km above ground

12 hours orbital time

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HISTORY
Design – US Department Of Defense

Official name – Navigation Satellite Timing & Ranging

First GPS Satellite launched in 1978

By 1990 GPS fully operational – 24 Satellites

Originally used for Military applications

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Why do we need GPS ? ? ?
Localization
Where am I ?

Navigation
How do I move from one place to another ?

Tracking
How do things and people move ?

Maps
Draw maps

Time measurements
A very accurate clock

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GPS Receivers
Delivers position for any object :
latitude,
longitude,
altitude

If moving Speed & direction estimated

Comes in various shapes & sizes

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PRINCIPLE
Works on TRIANGULATION principle

Signals transmitted from satellites to receiver on Earth

Time of flight from satellite to receiver is calculated

Triangulation gives us the position of satellite

At least 3 satellites required to calculate position.

There are at least 6 satellites visible at any place

on the earth

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SEGMENTS OF GPS
3 Segments of GPS :

Space segment - The Satellites

Control segment - Ground Station

User Segment - You & Your Receiver

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 Space segment
At least 24 GPS space vehicles(SVs).

Satellites orbit the earth in 12 hrs.

This constellation provides 5 to 8 SVs

from any point on the earth.

Satellites transmit low power radio

signals

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 Control Segment:

Comprises of 5 stations

Measure the distances of overhead satellites every 1.5 seconds

Satellite orbit, clock performance ,need for repositioning

determined

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User Segment

Simply consists of you & your receiver

GPS receivers detect, decode and process the signals

received from the satellites.

Receiver process information with map to display current location

Can be unlimited users at one time.

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GPS-How does it work ?

Location is everything

GPS receiver picks two kinds of coded info from

the satellites

First info –almanac data –gives approx position of

satellites

Second info –ephemeris data –gives corrected & exact

position of satellites

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Applications

Navigation

Aircraft

Military

Others

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 Navigation
To find out the directions while driving.
To determine where you are at present.
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 Military
To determine the location of enemy forces.
Bomb & Missile guidance.
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 Aircraft
Used to determine the altitude of the aircraft above
ground.
Gives information about any possible barriers while
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Advantages of GPS

Precision timing capability

Highly accurate

Provide emergency road side assistance

Finding places in your own area become

easier

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Disadvantages of GPS

GPS receiver cannot be used in closed places

A GPS receiver with advanced features may cost 200$

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