GENDER AND

DEVELOPMENT
(GAD 101)
JENNIFER SABINO-MAYANO
MAEd – SOC SCI
 Dear Lord and Father of all,
Thank you for today.
Thank you for ways in which you provide for us all.
For Your protection and love
we thank you.
OPENING Help us to focus our hearts and minds now on what we
are about to learn and discuss about our lesson.

PRAYER Inspire us by Your Holy Spirit.

Guide us by your eternal light as we discover more
about the world around us.
We ask all this in the name of Jesus.
Amen.
• ATTENDANCE

• OTHER CLASS INFORMATIONS AND

DEVELOPMENTS
 GENDER
DEFINITIONS
REVIEW
AND
CONCEPTS
 THEORIES
SESSION OF GENDER
2
DEVELOPMENT
 PSYCHOANALYTIC
THEORIES THEORY /
OF GENDER
DEVELOPMENT FREUDIAN
THEORY
PSYCHOANALYTIC
THEORY /
FREUDIAN THEORY
SIGMUND FREUD
Austrian Neurologist
Founder of Psychoanalysis
PSYCHOANALYSIS –
a clinical method for evaluating
and treating pathologies
in the psyche
through dialogue between
a patient and a psychoanalyst
  It is a theory about personality
organization,
the dynamics between the various
PSYCHOANALYTIC stages of personality development,
THEORY / and the impact this has
FREUDIAN on the development of
THEORY
human beings’ libido.
PSYCHOANALYTIC
THEORY /
FREUDIAN
THEORY
 Freud's Psychoanalytic Theory:
Gender Development
Freud’s psychoanalytic theory of gender
development suggests that gender development
takes place during the third stage of his
psychosexual theory of personality development
PSYCHOANALYTIC
THEORY /
FREUDIAN Phallic stage
THEORY
occurs between three and six years old.
During this stage, the child’s libido is
focused on his or her genitals.
PSYCHOANALYTIC
THEORY /
FREUDIAN
THEORY
PSYCHOANALYTIC
THEORY /
FREUDIAN
THEORY
 SOCIAL
LEARNING
THEORY
ALBERT BANDURA
Canadian-American Psychologist
Originator of Social Cognitive Theory
 SOCIAL
LEARNING
THEORY
 SOCIAL
LEARNING
THEORY
 SOCIAL
LEARNING
THEORY
 SOCIAL
LEARNING
THEORY
 SOCIAL
LEARNING
THEORY
GENDER
SCHEMA
THEORY
SANDRA BEM
American Psychologist
Androgyny / Gender Studies
 Gender schema theory is
a cognitive theory of gender
development that says that
gender is a product of the norms
GENDER of one’s culture. The theory was
SCHEMA
THEORY originated by psychologist
Sandra Bem in 1981. It suggests
that people process information,
in part, based on gender-typed
knowledge
GENDER
SCHEMA
THEORY
GENDER
SCHEMA
THEORY
GENDER
SCHEMA
THEORY
GENDER
SCHEMA
THEORY
GENDER
SCHEMA
THEORY
COGNITIVE
DEVELOPMENT

JEAN PIAGET
Swiss Psychologist
Child Development
 Cognitive development is defined
as the emergence of the ability to
consciously cognize, understand,
COGNITIVE and articulate their understanding
DEVELOPME in adult terms. Cognitive
NT development is how a person
THEORY perceives, thinks, and gains
understanding of their world
through the relations of genetic and
learning factors.
 A child's cognitive development is
not just about acquiring knowledge,
the child has to develop or construct
COGNITIVE a mental model of the world.
DEVELOPME Cognitive development occurs
NT through the interaction of innate
THEORY capacities and environmental
events, and children pass through a
series of stages..
COGNITIVE
DEVELOPM
ENT
THEORY
COGNITIVE
DEVELOPM
ENT
THEORY
COGNITIVE
DEVELOPM
ENT
THEORY
COGNITIVE
DEVELOPM
ENT
THEORY
BIOLOGICAL
GENDER
DEVELOPMENT
 The biological approach
towards gender development
suggests that there is no
BIOLOGICA
L distinction between sex and
GENDER gender. This approach
DEVELOPME
NT believes that biological sex
THEORY creates gendered behaviour. It
also suggests that gender is
determined by biological
factors, such as hormones.
 Sex refers to biological
differences between males and
BIOLOGICA
L females. For example,
GENDER chromosomes (female XX, male
DEVELOPME XY), reproductive organs
NT (ovaries, testes), hormones
THEORY (oestrogen, testosterone).
 Hormones

Hormones are chemical substances secreted by

glands throughout the body and carried in the
BIOLOGICA bloodstream. The same sex hormones occur in
both men and women, but differ in amounts
L
and in the effect that they have upon different
GENDER parts of the body.
DEVELOPME Testosterone is a sex hormone, which is more
NT present in males than females, and affects
THEORY development and behavior both before and
after birth.
Testosterone, when released in the womb,
causes the development of male sex organs (at 7
weeks) and acts upon the hypothalamus which
results in the masculinization of the brain.
 Hormones

Testosterone can cause typically male behaviors

such as aggression, competitiveness,
BIOLOGICA Visuospatial abilities, higher sexual drive etc.
An area of the hypothalamus at the base of the
L
brain called the sexually dimorphic nucleus is
GENDER much larger in male than in females.
DEVELOPME
NT At the same time testosterone acts on the
THEORY developing brain. The brain is divided into two
hemispheres, left and right. In all humans the
left side of the brain is more specialized for
language skills and the right for non-verbal and
spatial skills.
 Hormones

BIOLOGICA
L
GENDER
DEVELOPME
NT
THEORY