CHAPTER 3 – Part 1

MULTIMEDIA
Objectives
 To introduce basic principles and current
technologies of Multimedia systems and gain
hands-on experience in this area.

 Issues in effectively representing, processing,

and retrieving multimedia data such as sound
and music, graphics, image and video will be
addressed.
What is Multimedia?
 Derived from the word “Multi” and “Media”
 Multi
 Many, Multiple
 Media
 Tools that is used to represent or do certain
things, delivery medium, a form of mass
communication – newspaper, magazine / tv
 Distribution tool & information presentation – text,
graphic voice, images, music and etc
Definition of Multimedia
 Different people have different viewpoints
 Multimedia has pervaded the world of entertainment,
education and business

 Multimedia from the user’s perspective

 Enables information to be represented through text, audio,
graphics, image, animation and video

 Multimedia in computer term

 Computer based processing of the data includes at least
two of the following elements:
 Text, audio, graphic, image, animation and video
SO???
 Multimedia is a combination of text, graphic,
sound, animation, and video that is delivered
interactively to the user by electronic or
digitally manipulated means.

GRAPHIC
TEXT

VIDEO
AUDIO

ANIMATION
The elements of Multimedia
 History of Multimedia Technology
 Newspapers(First)
 Mass communication medium using text, images and
graphics

 The connection between computer and multimedia is a

short period

 Memex from Vannevar Bush(1945)

 CD-ROM specification was published(1985) and then
appear on desktop in 1989
 Hypertext markup language(HTML) was invented (1990)
 MPEG-1 was approved(1991)
 JPEG was approved(1992)
 World Wide Web(WWW) became publicly available(1992)
 Netscape program was created(1994)
 Elements of Multimedia
TEXT TEXT
GRAPHIC

VIDEO
AUDIO
ANIMATION

•A broad term for something that contains words to express

something.

•Text is the most basic element of multimedia.

•A good choice of words could help convey the intended

message to the users (keywords).

•Used in contents, menus, navigational buttons

 Elements of Multimedia
GRAPHIC
TEXT

TEXT
VIDEO
AUDIO

ANIMATION

 Example
Text Format
 Type Terminology
 Typeface

Arial
Courier
Times
Text Terminology
 Type Terminology
 Typeface
 Font
 Style
Italic
Bold
Underline
Text Terminology
Type terminology:
Typeface
Font
Style
Point
Leading
Kerning
Categories of Text
 Type can be divided into five major
categories.
Text con’t
• Creatively used on font style could take an
ordinary design beyond the ordinary.
 Elements of Multimedia
GRAPHIC GRAPHIC
TEXT

VIDEO
AUDIO

ANIMATION

 Two-dimensional figure or illustration

 Could be produced manually (by drawing, painting, carving,
etc.) or by computer graphics technology.
 Used in multimedia to show more clearly what a particular
information is all about (diagrams, picture).
 Elements of Multimedia
GRAPHIC
GRAPHIC
TEXT

VIDEO
AUDIO

ANIMATION
Graphics and Color Terminology
 Graphics and Colour are a key component of
any multimedia application.
 Most of us work visually – “a picture is worth a
1000 words”
 Are important to backgrounds, buttons, icons,
navigational items, maps, illustrations
Basics of Image Production

 There are four basic factors which determine

how you produce your images and graphics:
 screen resolution – 72dpi
 your use of colour and colour palettes
 your choice of compression and file formats
 the means by which source material is converted to
digital format (ie scanning, digital photography etc).
The Colour Wheel

 Primary Colours

 Secondary Colours

 Tertiary Colours
Colour Models

 Define a method for specifying colour

 RGB - Red, Green, Blue
 CMY - Cyan, Magenta, Yellow
 HSV / HSB - Hue, Saturation, Value
 Colour models define a strict subset of all the
available colours
 Some colours we can’t show on a Computer
monitor
 File Types and Formats

Types of Images

 Line Art
 Simple black and white line work made up of pixels
 Grayscale
 Uses a continuous tone from black through to white
 Colour
 4-bit (16 colours) – 24 bit (16 million) – 36 and beyond
 2D or 3D
 Synthesized images
 File Types and Formats

Types of Digital Graphics

 Raster – Gif’s or JPG

 Bitmaps that use pixels to identify colours and
screen positions

 Vector graphics
 Made up of lines drawn from point to point
 Used in CAD packages (Flash)

 EX: more images (sketchpad.net/basics1.htm)

 More on (website url)
 File Types and Formats

Raster Graphics

 bitmaps
 images composed of discrete areas
 picture elements or pixels
 good for manipulation (editing pixels)
 problems - files can be large
 resolution
 no. pixels per display area
 more pixels = better resolution
Images and Graphics
Images and Graphics con’t
 File Types and Formats

Colour Resolution

 colour depth
 amount memory allocated to each pixel (in bits)
 4 bits = 16 colours
 8 bits = 256 colours
 24 bits = 17.7 million colours
 full range of colours on display system
is called a palette
 not always possible to get full palette
 depends on video card and configuration
Image Format
 GIF (Graphics Interchange Format) is the most commonly
used image format on the Web.

 Compatible with virtually all browsers.

 GIF files are limited to displaying 256 colors.

 Often used for graphics requiring fewer colors, such as clip art
images, line art, logos, and icons.

 Images that require more color depth, such as photographs, can

appear grainy when saved as GIF files.
GIF Format
Image Format con’t
 GIFs are also commonly use to create
animated images
 Animated GIFs are easy to create and
smaller in size
 An animated GIF is composed of several
images that are displayed one after the other
in rapid succession
 Animated GIFs are an effective way to
compose slide shows or to simulate motion
Example
 Animated Gif
Image Format con’t
 JPEG stands for Joint Photographic Expert Group.
 Create image that use the full 16.7 million colors
available in the color palette.
 JPEG files are usually smaller (but not always) than
GIF
 Use JPEGs for photos and GIFs for illustration that
involve only a few colors
Example
 JPEG
Image Format con’t
 A new file format called PNG (Portable Network
Graphics) has been created
 PNG files use a free and open file format and can
display more colors than GIFs
 PNGs cannot be used for animated graphics
 PNGs do allow transparent colors, but not all
browsers support this feature

 To use the same image and to show diff on

transparent clr.
Example
 PNG
 Elements of Multimedia
AUDIO
GRAPHIC
TEXT

VIDEO
AUDIO

ANIMATION

 Produced by vibration, as perceived by the

sense of hearing.
 In multimedia, audio could come in the form
of speech, sound effects and also music
score.
 Elements of Multimedia
GRAPHIC
TEXT

AUDIO
VIDEO
AUDIO

ANIMATION

 Example
Audio Format con’t
 Every sound wave is composed of two
components:
 Amplitude- the height of the wave. Amplitude
relates to the sound’s volume (the higher the
amplitude, the louder the sound).

 Frequency- the speed at which the sound

wave moves. Frequency relates to sound
pitch (high frequencies have high pitches).
Audio Format con’t
Audio Formats con’t

 There are different sound file formats

used for different operating systems.

 Different file formats provide varying

levels of sound quality and sound
compression.

39
Audio Formats con’t
 Musical Instrument Digital Interface
 Before there was a wide use of mp3 and high
bandwidth network, MIDI format audio is popular
when an audio is required to be put on a website.
 Provides a standardized and efficient means of
conveying musical performance information as
electronic data.
 Is a easiest and quickest way to compose our
own score.
 (provided we have knowledge of musical
instrument and composing)
 It is in the form of music score and not samples
or recording.
Audio Formats con’t
 MIDI
 *.MID, *.KAR, *.MIDI, *.SMF

 AUDIO DIGITAL
 WINDOWS  *.WAV
 MACINTOSH  *.AIFF
 UNIX  *.AU
 REALAUDIO  *.RA
 MPEG3  *.MP3
Audio Formats con’t
Audio Formats con’t
Difference between MIDI and
.WAV
 A MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface) file contains no
music. It records how music is played, containing "events"
which control when each note of each instrument starts,
finishes, how loud, what note of the scale, etc. It has to be
played by the synthesiser section of a sound card, or a MIDI
instrument of some kind. It will sound like the particular
instrument that is playing it.
A .WAV file contains a digitally sampled recording of an
actual sound, be it music, speech whatever. It is played by
the DAC (Digital to Analogue Converter) of a sound card, in
the same way that a CD player plays the data from a CD. It
will always sound like the original sound that was recorded.
A MIDI file is very compact, a .WAV file will be very large in
comparison.
Example
 Click to listen to the audio.

 MIDI  WAV
 Elements of Multimedia
GRAPHIC
TEXT

ANIMATION
VIDEO
AUDIO

ANIMATION

 The illusion of motion created by the consecutive display

of images of static elements.

 In multimedia, animation is used to further enhance /

enriched the experience of the user to further understand
the information conveyed to them.
 Elements of Multimedia
TEXT
GRAPHIC

ANIMATION
VIDEO
AUDIO

ANIMATION

 Example
Example
 Elements of Multimedia
GRAPHIC
TEXT

VIDEO
VIDEO
AUDIO

ANIMATION

 Is the technology of capturing, recording, processing, transmitting,

and reconstructing moving pictures.
 Video is more towards photo realistic image sequence / live
recording as in comparison to animation.
 Video also takes a lot of storage space. So plan carefully before you
are going to use it.
Example
 Video