JUNIOR DESIGN ENGINEER

Presentation by :
SatyaVani Projects and Consultants Pvt. Ltd.
A- 203, Kushal Towers, Khairatabad, Hyderabad – 500 004.
DESIGN OF COLUMNS

Presentation by :
SatyaVani Projects and Consultants Pvt. Ltd.
A- 203, Kushal Towers, Khairatabad, Hyderabad – 500 004.
 INTRODUCTION
• Column is a compression member, the
effective length of which exceeds three
times the least lateral dimension.
[clause 25.1.1(IS 456 -2000)]
• Column is an important element of RCC
structure, transferring the loads coming
from the connected beams to the
foundations.
• A column is governed by buckling
phenomenon.
Intro..,
Members subject to bending, shear, and axial load

L V d3
F F
V E,I,A d1,Q1 d2,Q2
M M
 Classification of Columns

Shape Reinforcement Loading Slenderness ratio Material

Square Tied Axial Short column Steel

Rectangular Spiral Uniaxial Long column Composite
Circular Bi-axial Timber
T-section Wooden
L-section
CLASSIFICATION OF COLUMNS

BASED ON SHAPE

 Square section.
 Rectangular section.
 Circular section.
 L-section
 T-section
 CLASSIFICATION OF COLUMNS

BASED ON REINFORCEMENT

Tied column
Where the main longitudinal bars
are enclosed within closely
spaced Lateral ties.
 CLASSIFICATION OF COLUMNS

BASED ON REINFORCEMENT

Spiral Column
Where the main longitudinal bars
are enclosed within closely
spaced and continuously wound
spiral reinforcement.
 CLASSIFICATION OF COLUMNS

BASED ON LOADING
Centroidal
axis
Axially loaded column
 Column subject to concentric axial load only.
 The minimum eccentricity does not exceed
0.05 times the lateral dimension.
 Shall be designed by considering the
minimum eccentricity.
CLASSIFICATION OF COLUMNS

BASED ON LOADING

Column with Uniaxial Loading

Column subject to concentric load and
bending about one of its axis or a load
eccentric with respect to one axis only.

Column with biaxial loading Column

subject to concentric load and bending
about both of its axis or a load
eccentric with respect to two axis.
 CLASSIFICATION OF COLUMNS
BASED ON SLENDERNESS RATIO

SHORT COLUMN
 The ratio of effective length to lateral dimensions of the column is less
than 12.

LONG COLUMN
 The ratio of effective length to lateral dimension is greater than 12.
 The load carrying capacity of a long column is less than a short column.
 Additional moments will be developed due to slenderness.
 CLASSIFICATION OF COLUMN
BASED ON MATERIAL

steel composite wooden

 BRACED AND UNBRACED COLUMNS
Braced column
 A column may be considered braced in
each plan direction, if lateral stability of the
structure is provided by walls or bracing.
 Is not designed to resist lateral loads.
 Will have almost no sway.
 Mostly, steel columns are designed as
braced column.
BRACED AND UNBRACED COLUMNS
Unbraced Column

 A column may be considered unbraced in

each plan direction, if lateral stability of
the structure is provided by columns only.
 Lateral loads are resist by column alone.
 Will be subjected to sway
 In common practice, RCC columns are
designed as unbraced column.
Pedestals
 Pedestal is compression member the effective length of which
does not exceed three times the least lateral dimension.(Le/D <3)
Where,
Le – effective length
D – least lateral dimension

 In case of pedestals in which the longitudinal reinforcement is not

taken in account in strength calculations, nominal longitudinal
reinforcement not less than 0.15 percent of the cross-sectional
area shall be provided.
 DESIGN OF COLUMNS
DESIGN GUIDELINES
 Columns must be designed for both uniaxial and biaxial bending.
Interaction equation value < 1.
 Size of column is decided based on the optimum percentage of
steel considered.
3% in India
6% in Singapore
4% according to IS code
 The size of the column can be decided by calculating loads by using
tributary method rather than trial and error method.
 DESIGN OF COLUMNS
DESIGN GUIDELINES
 Based on size of column and effective length the column is decided
as short column or long column.
 In case of columns with peculiar shapes( L, plus, I, hollow) , ignore
the shape and the moment is calculated taking it as normal shape.
 Check for axial load, eccentricity and biaxial bending should be done
for columns.

SLENDERNESS RATIO
The ratio of ‘effective length’ to least lateral dimension.
 DESIGN OF COLUMNS
ECCENTRICITY

All columns shall be designed for minimum eccentricity,

e = [L/500+D/30]
But not less than 20mm
Where,
L = Unsupported length of column
D = Lateral dimension
Under bi-axial bending, it is sufficient to ensure that eccentricity
exceeds the minimum about one axis at a time.
 DESIGN OF COLUMNS
UNSUPPORTED LENGTH
In conventional framed construction, l is to be taken as the clear distance
between the floor and the shallower beam framing into the columns in
each direction at the next higher floor level.

EFFECTIVE LENGTH
The effective length of column depends upon the unsupported length
(distance between lateral restraints) and the boundary conditions at the
ends of column due to conditions of the framing beams and other
members.
le = kl
l = clear height of column
k = effective length ratio
EFFECTIVE LENGTH OF COMRESSION MEMBERS
 DESIGN OF COLUMNS
SLENDERNESS LIMITS (Clause 25.3 IS 456-2000)

 The unsupported length between end restraints shall not be exceed 60

times the least lateral dimension of a column.
 If any given plane, one end of a column is unrestrained, its unsupported
length (l) shall not exceed 100b2/D
Where,
b = width of cross section
D = depth of cross section
 DESIGN OF COLUMNS
 The additional moments Max and May due to
slenderness shall be calculated by the following formula,
 DESIGN OF COLUMNS

LONGITUDINAL REINFORCEMENT (Clause 26.5.3 IS 456-2000)

 Minimum Reinforcement: Not less than 0.8 percent of the gross area
of the column section.
 Maximum Reinforcement: Should not exceed 6 percent of the gross
area of the column section. However, a reduced maximum limit of 4
percent is recommended in general in the interest of better
placement and compaction of concrete.
 No of bars
At least 4 bars (one at each corner) should be provided in a column with
rectangular cross-section, and at least 6 bars (equally spaced near the
periphery) in a circular column.
 Minimum diameter of the bar and
spacing
 Longitudinal bars in columns (and pedestals) should not be less than
12 mm in diameter and should not be spaced more than 300 mm
apart (c/c) along the periphery of the column.
 Where the longitudinal bars are not spaced more than 75mm on
either side, transverse reinforcement need only to go round corner
and alternate bars for the purpose of providing effective supports.
 DESIGN OF COLUMNS
TRANSVERSE REINFORCEMENT (Clause 26.5.3.2 IS 456-2000)

 All longitudinal reinforcement in a compression member must be enclosed

within transverse reinforcement, comprising either lateral ties (with
internal angles not exceeding 135 degree) or spirals.
 To prevent the premature buckling of individual bars;
 To confine the concrete in the ‘core’, thus improving ductility and strength;
 To hold the longitudinal bars in position during construction; and
 To provide resistance against shear and torsion, if required.
 Diameter of lateral ties and spacing
 The diameter of the lateral ties shall not be less than one-fourth
of largest diameter of longitudinal bar. And in no case less than
5mm. (SP-34, clause 7.2.6)
 The pitch of the transverse reinforcement shall not be more than
the least of the following distance (SP-34 clause 7.2.6)
(a) The least lateral dimension of the compression member.
(b) 16 times the smallest diameter of the longitudinal
reinforcing bar.
(c) 48 times the diameter of the transverse reinforcement.
Compression member subjected to axial load only

The design of short axially loaded compression member may be designed by the
following equation,
Compression member subjected to biaxial
bending
Bar spacing requirements in column
Lateral ties and links
Splicing of bars as per SP-34
Beam column intersection
GUIDELINES OF DUCTILE DETAILING OF
COLUMN
 The requirements for designing and detailing of members of
reinforced concrete structures designed to resist lateral effects of
earthquake shaking, so as to give then adequate stiffness,
strength and durability to resist severe earthquake shaking
without collapse.
 Ductile detailing shall be adopted in all lateral load resisting
system of RC structures located in seismic zone III, IV, V.
 Minimum grade of structural concrete shall be M25 for building.
 GUIDELINES OF DUCTILE DETAILING OF
COLUMN
 The minimum dimension of column shall not be less
than,
a) 20db
b) 300mm
Where,
db. – diameter of the largest diameter longitudinal
reinforcement bars in the beam passing through or
anchoring in to the column at the joint.
 The cross section aspect ratio(smaller dimension to
larger dimension of the cross section of column)
shall not be less than 0.45
 GUIDELINES OF DUCTILE DETAILING OF
COLUMN
 At an exterior joint, top and bottom bars of beams shall be provided
with anchorage length beyond the inner face of column, equal to
development length of bar in tension plus 10 times bar diameter
minus the allowance for 90 degree.
 SPECIAL CONFINING REINFORCEMENT
The requirements of this section shall be met with in beams and columns,
unless a larger amount of transverse reinforcement is required from shear
strength consideration of beams and columns.
a) Be provided over a length l˳ from the face of the joint towards mid
span of beams and mid height of the columns, on either side of the
joint, where l˳ is not less than
1)Larger lateral dimension of the member at the section where
yielding occurs,
2)1/6 of clear span of the member or
3)450mm
b) Have spacing not more than,
1) 1/4 of minimum member dimension of the beam or column:
2) 6 times diameter of the smallest longitudinal reinforcement
bars and
3) 100mm link
c) Have area Ash of cross section of the bar forming links or spiral of
at least:
Where,
sv – pitch of spiral or spacing of links,
Dk – diameter of core of circular column measured to outside of
spiral/link,
fck – characteristic compressive strength of concrete cube,
fy – 0.2 percent proof strength of transverse steel reinforcement
bars,
Ag – gross area of column cross section,
Ak – area of concrete core of column (0.125Πd2)
REINFORCEMENT IN COLUMNS
FORMWORK AND CONSTRUCTION OF COLUMNS
COLUMN CONSTRUCTION AND CURING
Assignment
Design an R.C. Column for the following cases using M25 concrete and HYSD
Fe500 steel.

1. Having unsupported length of 3.2m and subjected to a factored load of

3500 kN.
2. Subjected to a bending moment of 250KN.m & load of 2800 kN. Take the
height of column as 4.0m.
3. A 3.5m height column subjected to bi-axial bending with
Size of column = 450x600mm Factored load = 1800 kN
Factored moment acting parallel to the larger dimension = 150 kN.m
Factored moment acting parallel to the short dimension = 90 kN.m

The assignment should be sent by mail in the following format,

Subject: SIE Online Training Course Junior Design Engineer
Your Registered Mobile No. 98******24-YOUR NAME-SIEJDE-XX
(XX – Assignment No.)
Email : sieoc.jde@gmail.com
Thank you