Unit - 1

MIS - Introduction
U 1 - Lesson 1

DATA
 What is Data?
• Data is a organized
information.
• It can be numbers, words,
measurements,
observations or even
descriptions of things.
• Two types of data :
– Qualitative data
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– Quantitative data
 Qualitative & Quantitative Data
• Qualitative :
» It is a descriptive
information.
»It describes the
subject matter of
things.
• Quantitative :
• These are
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 Qualitative and Quantitative data

Customer Profile, Customer Sales and revenue graphs,

name, Ideas and Numbers in sales, customer
suggestions, Status and target, observations and
thoughts. measurements.
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 Data - Definition
The term data
means group of
information that
represents the
qualitative or
quantitative
attributes of a
variable set or set of
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 Characteristics of data
• Data – plural form of datum.
• Data are viewed as lowest level of abstraction
from which information and knowledge are
arrived.
• Data is anything in a form suitable for use with
a computer.
• Data is not a “program code”.
• Binary files (which are not human readable)
are sometimes called as data.
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 Terms of data
• Computer Data – Run Programs,
Store program.
• Data Structure – Bit , Byte, Word.
• Data Transmission – Act of
sending data from one place to
another.
Serial Data transmission
Parallel Data transmission.
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 Data Transmission

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U 1 - Lesson 2

Information
 Information - Definition

“ Information is a data that has been

collected and processed into an organized,
usable form. Organized usable information is
accurate , relevant , complete, cost effective,
verifiable and reliable and is available when
needed. Information can be presented in
characters, numbers, pictures, images and
sounds”
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 What is Information?
• It is defined as the data which is organized
and presented at a time and place so that the
decision makers may take necessary action.
• Information is the result/product of
processing data.
DATA INFORMA
PROCESS TION

DECIS
ACTION ION
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 Data Converted into information
Data Information

Knitting

DATA PROCESS RESULT/PRODUCT

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 What is Information?
• Information is a term closely related to
concepts as meaning, knowledge,
instruction, communication, representation
and mental stimulus.
• Information is a message received and
understood.
• In terms of data it can be defined as “ A
collection of facts from which conclusions
may be drawn”.
• Information is a quality of message from a
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sender to one or more receiver.

 What is Information?
• “Information is the result of processing,
manipulating and organizing data in a way that
adds to the knowledge of the person receiving
it.”
• Information can be as ( Size , Occurrence of a
event, value and ethics etc).
• Information does not have to be accurate it
may be truth or a lie, or just the sound of the
falling tree.
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 General speaking

“If the amount of information

in the received message increases ,
the message is more accurate”

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 Need for information

1. Development of telecommunication – like

radio telephone, microwave. Laser and
satellite communication.
2. Processing of data with computer –
Accessibility of information helps computer
to readily scan data.
3. Video Technology : It permits the recording
of activities on video cassettes and video
discs.
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 Classification of Information
Action Vs
Non - Action
Historical
Vs Future

Recurring Vs
Non-
Recurring

Internal Vs
External
Documentary
Vs Non -
Documentary

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 Characteristics of information
• 3 primary characteristics
– 1. Relevance
– 2. Availability
– 3. Timeliness.

• Necessary attributes of information

are “objectivity, sensitivity,
comparability, consciousness and
completeness”.
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 Measures for information
Quality
• Accuracy
• Form
• Relevance
• Timeliness
• ABC nature of information

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 ABC – Nature of information
Information can be categorized as based on
its availability, cost and dependence.

4 Basic Principles of information management

:
• Data + Relevance + Purpose = Information
• Information + Insight = Understanding
• Understanding + Communication =
Intelligence
• Intelligence + Action
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= Effectiveness 22
 Difference Between
Data
• Data is a fact.
• All data does not become
information.
• Data is the result of
routine recording of events
and activities takes place.
• Data is independent of
users.
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Information
• Though based on data
information is not a fact.
• Selective filtering of data
before processing into
information.
• Generation of information
is user driven which is not
automatic.
• Information is user
dependent. 23
 Any Questions?

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