AMPEROMETERY

PRESENTED BY
ASIM
AMPEROMETRIC TITRATIONS
A titration in which measurement of the current
flowing at a Voltametric indicator electrode is used for
detection of equivalence point is termed as
amperometric titrations
THEORY
The current measured by amperometric titration is
almost a limiting current
Current is proportional to concentration and can be
due to the substance titrated, to the titrant or to the
product of the of the reaction or any two of these
depending on the potential of the electrode and the
electrochemical characteristics of the substance
involved
CLASSIFICATION OF AMPEROMETRIC
TITRATIONS
Two types
One polarized electrode
Two polarized electrode
ONE POLARIZED ELECTRODE
This refers to a single polarizable working electrode,
coupled to a reference electrode.
The electrode is often a rotating platinum wire
electrode, constructed by sealing a platinum wire into
the side of glass tube.
This is connected to a stirring motor.
PRECIPITATING REAGENTS
Amperometric titration with one polarized electrode
has been confined majorly to those cases in which
precipitate or a complex is the end product.
Precipitating reagents used are:
Silver Nitrate for Halide Ions
Lead Nitrate for Sulphate Ions
Organic reagents such as Hydroxyquinoline.
EXAMPLE
Titration of Lead
BI-AMPEROMETRIC TITRATINS
This employs a pair of identical solid state electrodes
immersed in a stirred solution.
This approach involves applying a small, fixed
potential difference(20-250mV) across two identical
electrodes.
The use of pair of metallic identical indicator
electrode offers advantage of simplicity of equipment
and elimination of the need to prepare and maintain
reference electrode.
EXAMPLE
Titration of Ferrous Ions.
During The Titration Experiment The Current
Flowing Through The System Is Recorded As A
Function of The Volume Of Titrant.
With modren Instrument A Three Electrode System Is
used.
Where The Refrence Electrode Only Senses
Potential,ButDoes Not Carry Any Current And Current
Circuit Is Completed By Using A Third Electrode.
Called Counter Electrode
EXPERIMENTAL APPARATUS
Instrument For Cyclic Voltametery.
(BAS 27 or PINE)
Digital Data Recorder.
The Titration Of Ferrous Ions Using The Ceric Ions As
Titrant.
The Net Reaction Is Given.
APPLICATIONS
Amperometric titrations are used for the titration of
silver ion, in the form of a silver nitrate solution,
coupled with a rotating platinum indicator electrode
Ions such as Cyanide,Tetraphenylborate,Sulphides &
Chloride, Bromide and Iodide can be titrated.
Bi-amperometric titration has been used to titrate the
total Chlorine in insecticides decomposed with
Sodium and Xylene at Silver electrode.
APPLICATIONS
It is used in the determination of sulfhydryl groups,
especially in proteins and other natural materials.
Sulfhydryl groups in dialyzed human sera can be
determined.
BENEFITS
The Amperometric Titrations Possess Greater
Sensitivity Then Conductometric And Potentiometric
Titrations.
Simple Apparatus.
The Typical Analysis Are in The Range Of 0.1mol/L-
0.0001mol/l, With Analyses Not Needing To Be Electro
Active Species.