WEEK 1

March 22, 2022

1
Earth & Space
Lesson 1:
Weathering and
Soil Erosion
 Processes that Shape the Earth

•Weathering
•Erosion
Are these good or bad?
WEATHERING
What is the first thing that
comes to your mind when
you hear the word
“weathering”?
Weathering
•Refers to the process of
breaking down rocks into
smaller pieces
Types of Weathering
1.Physical or Mechanical
Weathering
2.Chemical Weathering
 Physical Weathering

• Rocks are weathered mechanically by water and

temperature.
• Rocks are exposed to the intense heat of the sun crack and
crumble when rain falls and soaks to the ground
Plants contribute to weathering of rocks.
Physical Weathering
•During Physical Weathering, rocks
are broken apart BUT ARE NOT
CHANGED.
•Plants, roots, and ice can break
down the rocks.
Chemical Weathering
• When rocks that weather change their
composition into a new type of rock
• When certain elements react with oxygen in the
process of oxidation.
Chemical Weathering
•During Chemical Weathering, minerals in
the rocks DISSOLVE or CHANGE TO
OTHER MINERALS.
•Agents of chemical weathering include
acids and oxygen.
 Uses of Rocks and
Minerals
• Sand, gravel and stones are used for
construction and building materials
• Metallic minerals are used in the production of
cars, planes and boats
• Used for furniture
• Arts and crafts
How are Soil Formed?
• Soil is found everywhere
• Soil is a mixture of weathered rocks,
decayed organic matter, mineral fragments,
water and air.
17
EROSION
What will come to your mind if you were
in a house and then you hear some
creaking as if something is breaking
apart?
Would you know what to do? What might be an
option for you and your family?
How Erosion Differs from Weathering?
• Weathering is responsible for breaking
down rocks into smaller particles.
• THESE SMALLER PARTICLES are transported
to different part of the Earth’s surface.
Erosion
•The transportation of rock
particles elsewhere
•JUST LIKE WEATHERING, erosion
is brought about by agents like
wind and water.
Causes of Erosion
•Water Erosion (p. 280)
•Splash Erosion (p. 280)
•Sheet Erosion (p. 281)
•Wind Erosion (p. 281)
•Erosion by Gravity (p. 282)
•Glacial Erosion (p. 282)
Water Erosion
Splash Erosion
Sheet Erosion
Wind Erosion
Erosion by Gravity
Glacial Erosion
Other Factors Affecting Erosion

1.Deforestation
2.Intensive Farming
3.Housing Development & Road
Construction
Agriculture Soil Conservation
1. Terracing Method in Farming
Agriculture Soil Conservation
2. Contour Farming
Agriculture Soil Conservation
3. Strip Cropping
Individual Measure and Concern

• Plant grass and trees

• Enough draining and water collection
system
• Avoid excessive watering on soil
• Campaign against deforestation and illegal
logging
 ACTIVITY 4.1
•Answer What To Do (Letter A
only) on pages 273-274
•Answer What To Do (Letter A
only) on pages 285-286
33
 ACTIVITY 4.2
Answer the Unit Test on
pages 289-290
(Remembering Content only)
34
 ACTIVITY 4.3
1. Human activities have greatly caused soil
erosion.
2. A sudden movement of soil is called landslide.
3. Reforestation is the clearing of trees and
transforming a forest into cleared land
4. Water that sinks into the ground is called
groundwater.
5. The transportation of rock particles elsewhere
is a process called weathering. 35
6. Soil erosion is the breaking down of rocks.
7. Oxidation can cause elements composing the
minerals to decompose and form new minerals.
8. Soil is a mixture of weathered rocks, decayed
organic matter, mineral fragments, water and air.
9. Rocks are weathered chemically by water and
temperature.
10. Agents of chemical weathering include acids,
oxygen and water.