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VIRTUAL
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RULE
 10
QUARTER 4

CHEMISTRY
THREE STATE OF MATTER

Solids
Solids have definite shapes
and volume because the
particles are packed closely
together in fixed positions.
THREE STATE OF MATTER

LIQUIDS
the particles are closer to one another,
nudging one another as they move. Since
the particles are closer to one another,
the attraction between particles is
stronger than those in gases.
THREE STATE OF MATTER

GAS
Gases take the shape of the
container because the particles are
able to move freely to all parts of
the container. Free moving
particles
THREE STATE OF MATTER

Particle view of a Liquid Particle view of a Solid

Particle view of a gas
PICTURE ANALYSIS

INSTRUCTION
Look at the picture presented
on the screen and think of a
word that is associated with
the picture.
PICTURE ANALYSIS

V = πr h
2

VOLUME

TEMPERATURE PRESSURE
 10
QUARTER 4

BEHAVIOR of
GAS
OBJECTIVES

a.) Define the Properties that describe a gas

b.) Investigate the relationship between:

* Volume and Pressure at constant Temperature of a gas;
* Volume and Temperature at constant Pressure of a gas; and

c.) Accept that Gas laws are part of the daily living of Human
PROPERTIES OF GAS

The properties of gas are

Pressure (P), Temperature
(T), Volume (V), and
Amount (n)
PRESSURE (P)

Force acting on a specific

area
Force
P = Area
PRESSURE (P)

has the following

units: atm, mm Hg,
torr, lb/in , and
2

Kilopascals
VOLUME (V)

It is the three-dimensional space

occupied by gas

Solid Liquid Gas

VOLUME (V)

common units in volume; L, ml,

m3, cm3
Conversion
1 Liter = 1000 ml
1 ml = 1000 cm 3
TEMPERATURE (T)

measurement of warmth
or coldness of a body

Average Kinetic energy

of the particle in an
object
TEMPERATURE (T)

Temperature Units
Fahrenheit ( F), 0

Celsius ( C), and

0

Kelvin (K)
TEMPERATURE (T)
QUANTITY (n)

measured in moles
(mol)

1 mol = 6.022 x 10 23
BOYLE’S LAW

ROBERT BOYLE (1627-1691)

What is BOYLE’S LAW?

States that PRESSURE is

INVERSELY PROPORTIONAL
to the VOLUME at constant
TEMPERATURE
What is BOYLE’S LAW?

INVERSELY
PROPORTIONAL
states that if one QUANTITY
INCREASES, the other QUANTITY
DECREASES, or vice versa
What is BOYLE’S LAW?

INVERSELY
PROPORTIONAL
When VOLUME INCREASES,
THE PRESSURE
DECREASES. When the
VOLUME DECREASES, the
PRESSURE INCREASES
BOYLE’S LAW Demonstration
BOYLE’S LAW Calculation

P1V1 = P2V2
P1 = Initial Pressure
V1 = Initial Volume
P2 = Final Pressure
V2 = Final Volume
Steps in Solving

Identify the given information and determine

what is asked in the problem.
Write the equation.
Derive the equation to solve for the unknown
quantity.
Substitute the known quantities into the
equation, cancel the same units, copy the
remaining unit, and calculate.
BOYLE’S LAW Sample Problem

A gas occupies 12.3 liters at a pressure at 40.0

mmHg. What is the volume when the pressure is
increased into 120.0 mmHg?
Given:
P1 = 40.0 mmHg Equation:

V1 = 12.3 liters
P1V1 = P2V2
P2 = 120.0 mmHg
V2 = ?
BOYLE’S LAW Sample Problem

Derive the Formula

P1V1
V2 =
P2
BOYLE’S LAW Sample Problem

Solution

V2 = (40.0mmHg) (12.3Liters)
120.0 mmHg
BOYLE’S LAW Sample Problem

Answer

V2 = 4.1 Liters
BOYLE’S LAW Sample Problem

Make Sense
Pressure has increased from 40.0 mmHg to
120.0mmHg, so volume must decrease. As
you can see, volume became 4.1L from
12.3L which means it decreases. Therefore,
the result makes sense based on Boyle’s
law.
APPLICATION

Action of Syringe,
Bringing bag of Chips in a
higher altitude, Breathing
in Respiratory
CHARLES’S LAW

Jacques Charles (1746-1823)

What is CHARLES’S LAW

VOLUME is DIRECTLY
PROPORTIONAL to the
TEMPERATURE at CONSTANT
PRESSURE
What is CHARLES’S LAW

DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL
As one quantity
increases, the other
quantity also increases
What is CHARLES’S LAW

A gas expands when

its temperature
increases. A gas
contract when
temperature
decreases
CHARLES’S LAW Calculation

T1 T2
V1 =
V2
CHARLES’S LAW Calculation

Wherein:
V1 = Initial Volume
V2 = Final Volume
T1 = Initial Temperature (in
K)
T2 = Final Temperature (in
K)
CHARLES’S LAW Sample Problem

A cylinder with a movable piston contains 250 mL

air at 10℃. If the pressure is held constant, at
what temperature would you expect the volume to
be 150 mL?
Given: Equation:
V1 = 250 ml
V2 = 150 ml
T1 T2
T1 = 10 0C + 273.15 = 283.15 =
T2 = ? V1 V2
CHARLES’S LAW Sample Problem

Derive the Formula

V2T1
T2 =
V1
CHARLES’S LAW Sample Problem

Solution

T2 = (150ml) (283.15K)
250ml
CHARLES’S LAW Sample Problem

Answer

T2 = 169.89K
SEATWORK 1

The inflated balloon that slipped

from the hand of Jess has a volume
of 500 mL at sea level (1.0 atm) and
it reached a place where the pressure
is approximately 0.33 atm. Assume
that the temperature is constant,
compute for the final volume of the
balloon.
BOYLE’S LAW

Given:
P1 = 1.0 atm
V1 = 500 ml
P2 = 0.33 atm
V2 = ?
CHARLES’S LAW

GENERAL EQUATION

P1V1 = P2V2
BOYLE’S LAW Sample Problem

Derive the Formula

P1V1
V2 =
P2
BOYLE’S LAW Sample Problem

Substitution and Computation

V2 = (1.0 atm) (500 ml)

0.33 atm
BOYLE’S LAW Sample Problem

Substitution and Computation

V2 = 500 ml
0.33
BOYLE’S LAW Sample Problem

Answer

V2 = 1, 515.15ml
SEATWORK 2

If 540 ml of nitrogen at 0.00

degree Celsius is heated to
a temperature of 100.0
degree Celsius, what will be
the new volume of the gas?
CHARLES’S LAW

Given:
V1 = 540 ml
V2 =?
+ 273.15 = 273.15 K
T1 = 0.00 C
0

+ 273.15 = 373.15 K
T2 = 100.00C
CHARLES’S LAW

GENERAL EQUATION

V1 V2
=
T1 T2
CHARLES’S LAW

DERIVED FORMULA

V2 = (T 2) (V 1)
(T1)
CHARLES’S LAW

SUBSTITUTION and COMPUTATION

(373.15 K)(540 ml)

V2 =
(273.15 K)
CHARLES’S LAW

SUBSTITUTION and COMPUTATION

201,501 ml
V2 =
273.15
CHARLES’S LAW

SUBSTITUTION and COMPUTATION

V2 = 737.69 ml
What is BOYLE’S LAW?

States that PRESSURE is

INVERSELY PROPORTIONAL
to the VOLUME at constant
TEMPERATURE
What is BOYLE’S LAW?

INVERSELY
PROPORTIONAL
states that if one QUANTITY
INCREASES, the other QUANTITY
DECREASES, or vice versa
What is CHARLES’S LAW

VOLUME is DIRECTLY
PROPORTIONAL to the
TEMPERATURE at CONSTANT
PRESSURE
What is CHARLES’S LAW

DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL
As one quantity
increases, the other
quantity also increases
ASSIGNMENT (FOLLOW-UP)

Direction: Solve. Show your complete

solution.
A scuba diver needs a diving tank in order to
provide breathing gas while underwater.
How much pressure is needed for 6.00 liters
of gas at 1.01 atm to compress in a 3.00
liters cylinder?
ASSIGNMENT (ADVANCE)

What is Kinetic Molecular

Theory?
What is Combine and Ideal Gas
Law?
https://znnhs.zdnorte.net/wp-content/uploads/2
021/06/Sci10-Q4-M2.pdf