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5.introduction To Electric Vehicles
5.introduction To Electric Vehicles
5.introduction To Electric Vehicles
Engineering
INTRODUCTION
TO
ELECTRIC
VEHICLES
INTERNAL
ELECTRIC
COMBUSTION ENGI
VEHICLE
NES
PRICE Expensive due to Cheaper than electric
expensive batteries cars.
Less carbon emissions than combustion engine cars 27% more carbon emissions than that of electric cars.
But overall, particulate matter produced is 3.6 times Particulate matter production is less.
more than gasoline cars(in countries relying on natural
resources for electricity).
A D VA N T A G E S
• Cheaper to run because of low
rates of electricity than petrol.
• Zero harmful emissions, better for
environment.
• Nearly 100% recyclable batteries.
• Reduces noise pollution.
• Can be recharged almost
anywhere in urban areas.
• Eco-friendly.
• Zero combustion and zero exhaust.
• More efficient.
• Easy to charge and drive.
D I S A D VA N T A G E S
• Time required to recharge the batteries is more.
• Lesser charging stations.
• More expensive than the combustion engine cars.
• The batteries provided are quite heavy increasing the net
weight of the car.
• Need to change battery in years.
• Lithium-ions batteries are much expensive than other.
• Not suitable for long distance running.
• Problem of availability of charging stations.
L I F E S PA N
OF
ELECTRIC
CARS
• Different type of electric cars
have different life spans.
• Battery EVs can run for 5 years
or 1,00,000 miles before fully
disintegrated.
• The Plug-in hybrids and hybrids
have a longer life span due to
continuous recharging from the
internal combustion engines and
batteries.
HOW DOES IT
WORKS?
• The driver presses the accelerator which in turn
sends the signals to the controller .
• When fully accelerated, maximum voltage is
supplied to the motor .
• On releasing the accelerator, no voltage is
supplied .
• Two potentiometers are connected .
• When both potentiometers show same deviation,
voltage is supplied further and car moves
MAIN COMPONENTS OF ELECTRIC CAR
• Motor
• Controller
• Batteries
• Transmission
• Braking
• Steering
C L A S S I F I C AT I O N S O F
MOTORS
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
AC & DC MOTORS
• A.C. motors are powered from alternating current (A.C.) while D.C.
motors are powered from direct current (D.C.), such as batteries, D.C.
power supplies or an AC-to-DC power converter.
• D.C wound field motors are constructed with brushes and a commutator,
which add to the maintenance, limit the speed and usually reduce the life
expectancy of brushed D.C. motors. A.C. induction motors do not use
brushes.
• The speed of a D.C. motor is controlled by varying the armature
winding’s current while the speed of an A.C. motor is controlled by
varying the frequency, which is commonly done with an adjustable
frequency drive control.
DC MOTOR
ADVANTAGES • Speed control over a wide range both above and below
the rated speed.
• High starting torque .
• Quick starting, stopping, reversing and acceleration.
• Free from harmonics.
AC MOTOR
TYPES OF
EV
VEHICLES
P H E V- P L U G - I N H Y B R I D E L E C T R I C V E H I C L E
• Both the electric motor and the
internal combustion engine
needed to run the car.
• Combustion engine is used only
to charge the battery
• Rechargeable batteries-
Recharged by internal
combustion and regenerative
braking.
• It has a larger battery pack that is
plugged into the electric grid for
charging, increasing the share of
electric power used by the car.
H E V- H Y B R I D E L E C T R I C V E H I C L E
• Level 2 ("hands off"): The automated system takes full control of the vehicle: accelerating,
braking, and steering. The driver must monitor the driving and be prepared to intervene
immediately at any time if the automated system fails to respond properly.
• Level 3 ("eyes off"): The driver can safely turn their attention away from the driving tasks, e.g.
the driver can text or watch a movie. The vehicle will handle situations that call for an immediate
response, like emergency braking. The driver must still be prepared to intervene within some
limited time, specified by the manufacturer, when called upon by the vehicle to do so.
• Level 4 ("mind off"): As level 3, but no driver attention is ever required for safety, e.g. the driver
may safely go to sleep or leave the driver's seat. However, self-driving is supported only in
limited spatial areas (geofenced) or under special circumstances. Outside of these areas or
circumstances, the vehicle must be able to safely abort the trip.
• Level 5 ("steering wheel optional"): No human intervention is required at all. An example would
be a robotic vehicle that works on all kinds of surfaces, all over the world, all year around, in all
weather conditions.
BENEFITS
OF EV
BIKES
COMPONENTS
OF ELECTRIC
TWO WHEELER
A D VA N T A G E S O F
ELECTRIC SCOOTER
• Let's see how some of the main advantages of choosing to buy an electric scooter in 2019:
• Storage space: The electric scooter has an area under the seat that allows us to carry bags, packages or
backpacks in any comfort.
• Fuel savings: One of the significant advantages of the electric scooter is substantial for the pocket of
the final consumer: the considerable savings in gasoline.
• Freedom: Get from Point A to Point B fast, no more waiting for the bus, waiting for the taxi. Simply
unfold your scooter and you are ready to go.
• Ecology and respect for the environment: Every time we use an electric scooter we are contributing
our bit to that ecological spirit that should be present in our daily lives.
• Lower maintenance cost among many other differences with gasoline engines: The electric motor
does not need to spend time or money on maintenance tasks such as oil changes, filters, etc.
• Lower acoustic impact: It has been shown that street noise reduces between 30% and 40% the
productivity of people working in the environment. However, the constant noise suffered by the
motorcyclist affects his concentration on the road over time and to their levels of stress, anxiety, and
aggression. Electric scooter, on the other hand, is less noisy.
D I S A D V A N T A G E S O F
E L E C T R I C S C O O T E R
• Like everything in this life, a vehicle with as many features as the electric
scooter also has certain disadvantages. As you can see, these are not big
problems, but it is essential to at least know about them:
• Low speed: This disadvantage is not common to all electric scooters.
However, it should be noted that in some models, the electric bike has smaller
wheels than a traditional motorcycle which can affect its cruising speed.
• The charging time: Charging the battery of an electric scooter takes more
time than refueling for a scooter with a combustion engine. It is not a
common disadvantage to all electric bikes, but in some cases and models, the
battery of an electric scooter can be discharged more quickly at low
temperatures.
• Recharging points: the extension of the network of charging points for
electric motorcycles is a pending issue that many countries still have,
including the United States. However, with a large battery capacity in
EMOVE Cruiser, you can travel up to 62 miles on a single charge.
• Laws: Countries like Singapore, has strict laws such as registering the electric
scooter with the local transport authority, in order to get a license and permit
to use the electric scooter in public.
ELECTRIC SCOOTER-COMPONENTS
ELECTRIC
SPORTS
BIKES
• The Ultraviolette F77 is a
performance-oriented electric
motorcycle, which claims a top
speed of 147km/h. The company also
claims that the F77 electric bike can
accelerate from 0 - 60km/h in just
2.9 seconds and 0 - 100km/h time of
7.5 seconds.
B AT T E RY
The Ultraviolette F77 uses a pack of
three lithium-ion batteries, with a total
capacity of 4.2Kwh. This battery pack
is further mated to a 25Kw electric
motor. This is in the form of a
passively air-cooled permanent
magnet AC motor. The batteries on the
Ultraviolette F77 also come with an
IP-67 rating for dust and water
resistance.
• The Ultraviolette F77 electric bike is offered with three riding modes: Eco, Sport & Insane.
• The range on the F77 varies between a claimed 130km to 150km on a single charge. The company offers the F77 electric bike with both
standard and fast-charging technology.
• The standard charging comes in the form of a 1Kw charger which takes around 5 hours to charge the batteries.
TESLA • Manufacturer’s official range in miles: 620
• Approximate real-world miles: 600
ROADSTER
• Manufacturer’s official range in
TESLA MODEL S miles: 375
LONG RANGE • Approximate real-world miles: 325
KIA SOUL EV