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  • Mutations With Frank The Frog

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    Cathryn Tuttle
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    Frank the frog has five legs due to a mutation in his DNA sequence that codes for leg number. Scientists analyzed Frank's DNA sequence for this gene and compared it to the sequence in normal four-legged frogs. The sequences differed by a single base pair, indicating a substitution mutation occurred that resulted in Frank growing an extra leg. This shows how a small change in DNA can cause an observable phenotypic change through its effect on the resulting protein produced.

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    lesson for teachers

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    Mutations with Frank the Frog

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    Frank the frog has five legs due to a mutation in his DNA sequence that codes for leg number. Scientists analyzed Frank's DNA sequence for this gene and compared it to the sequence in normal four-legged frogs. The sequences differed by a single base pair, indicating a substitution mutation occurred that resulted in Frank growing an extra leg. This shows how a small change in DNA can cause an observable phenotypic change through its effect on the resulting protein produced.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    34 views15 pages

    Mutations With Frank The Frog

    Uploaded by

    Cathryn Tuttle
    Frank the frog has five legs due to a mutation in his DNA sequence that codes for leg number. Scientists analyzed Frank's DNA sequence for this gene and compared it to the sequence in normal four-legged frogs. The sequences differed by a single base pair, indicating a substitution mutation occurred that resulted in Frank growing an extra leg. This shows how a small change in DNA can cause an observable phenotypic change through its effect on the resulting protein produced.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 15

    Frank the Frog

    What happened to Frank?


    What happened to Frank?
    Frank the frog has five legs. Scientists located the
    gene for number of legs. Frank’s DNA sequence for
    that gene is shown below. What amino acid sequence
    did this DNA produce?

    DNA sequence TAC - TTA - GCA - ACC - GAC - ATC

    mRNA Sequence

    Amino Acid Sequence


    Frank 4 Legged Frogs

    Met - Asn - Arg - Trp - Leu Met - Asn - Pro - Trp - Leu

    What do you notice?


    What are Mutations?
    ● Alterations to a DNA sequence
    ● What might this look like?

    Before
    Three Types of Mutations
    ● Substitution
    a. Change of a single DNA base
    b. Ex. A→ G
    c. Changes one codon
    i. MAY change the amino acid
    ii. Might NOT change the amino acid (silent)

    Original Change in Amino Acid Silent Mutation

    DNA TAA - GCG TCA - GCG TAG -GCG

    mRNA AUU-CGC AGU-CGC AUC-CGC

    Amino Acid lle-arg ser-arg Ile-arg


    Three Types of Mutations

    ● Premature Stop Codon


    a. Change in the DNA causes STOP codon early
    b. Substitution, insertion, or deletion

    Original Premature Stop

    DNA TAA - GCG TAA - ACT In this example, two substitution


    mutations cause a premature stop

    mRNA AUU-CGC AUU-UGA

    Amino Acid lle-arg Ile (stop)


    Three Types of Mutations

    ● Frame Shift
    a. Insertion/Deletion
    b. Each codon after this error changes
    c. Affects rest of the entire sequence/protein

    Original Frame Shift Frame Shift


    (insertion) (Deletion)

    DNA TAA - GCG... TCA - AGC - G... AAG - CGT

    mRNA AUU-CGC... AGU-UCG - C... UUC - GCA

    Amino Acid lle-arg Ile-ser phe-arg


    Let’s try one together!
    Protein Synthesis Activity DNA sequence (coding strand)
    ● Turning DNA into proteins
    TCA - GAG - CTG - ATT
    ● Activity directions…
    a. Given a DNA sequence
    mRNA sequence
    b. Match codons to words using
    chart
    c. Put words together to form a
    sentence
    Resulting sentence
    Let’s try one together!
    DNA sequence (coding strand)

    TCA - GAG - CTG - ATT

    mRNA sequence

    AGU-CUC-GAC-UAA

    Resulting Sentence
    Sentence Activity Worksheet
    ● Work with at least one partner
    ● Practice with what we just did
    a. Take coding DNA, transcribe to mRNA, then use the words “amino acid” chart to form a
    sentence
    b. Look at sentence to try and identify which type of mutation occured
    How do mutations in DNA sequences affect the
    resulting protein?
    Frank 4 Legged Frogs

    DNA TAC - TTA - GCA - ACC - GAC - ATC DNA TAC - TTA - GGA - ACC - GAC - ATC

    mRNA AUG - AAU - CGU - UGG - CUG - UAG mRNA AUG - AAU - CCU - UGG - CUG - UAG

    Amino Met - Asn - Arg - Trp - Leu Amino Acid Met - Asn - Pro - Trp - Leu
    Acid

    What Type of Mutation Did Frank Have?


    Frank 4 Legged Frogs

    DNA TAC - TTA - GCA - ACC - GAC - ATC DNA TAC - TTA - GGA - ACC - GAC - ATC

    mRNA AUG - AAU - CGU - UGG - CUG - UAG mRNA AUG - AAU - CCU - UGG - CUG - UAG

    Amino Met - Asn - Arg - Trp - Leu Amino Acid Met - Asn - Pro - Trp - Leu
    Acid

    What Type of Mutation Did Frank Have?


    How does Frank the frog relate to the blue lobster?

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