Pengantar

Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Penelitian

Hertanto W Subagio
Mencari kebenaran
 Merupakan
naluri dasar
manusia
 Banyak cara
mendapat
jawaban
Pencarian kebenaran non
ilmiah
 Non ilmiah
- bertanya
- logika
- kebetulan
- trial and error
- dsb.
 Hasil :
Pengetahuan
Pencarian kebenaran dg
cara ilmiah

 Riset

 Hasil : Ilmu
WHAT RESEARCH IS ?

“The systematic process of collecting and

analysing information (data) in order to
increase our understanding of the phenomenon
about which we are concerned or interested”
Penelitian
 Salah satu
upaya untuk mencari ‘kebenaran’
(menjawab masalah) yang prosesnya
terencana dan sistematis mengikuti langkah
langkah tertentu

 Terbuka untuk diverifikasi

 Menghasilkan ILMU
Tujuan (aksiologi)
 Pengembangan ilmu
 Pengembangan metode
 Kepentingan praktis
- pelayanan klinik
- pelayanan di komunitas
- manajemen program
- teknologi dsb.
 Epistemologi
 Rasionalisme
 Positivisme
 Logikopositivisme
dedukto hipotetiko
verifikatif
Langkah-langkah penelitian
Teori Fakta

Masalah

Tinjauan Pustaka

Generalisasi

Hipotesis

Verifikasi

Simpulan
Sisyphus  was a King punished in Tartarus by being cursed to roll a
huge boulder up a hill only to watch it roll back down, and to repeat
this throughout eternity
Langkah-langkah penelitian
Teori Fakta

Masalah

Tinjauan Pustaka
- Identifikasi variabel
- Kerangka Teori
Generalisasi - Kerangka Konsep

Hipotesis

Verifikasi
- Desain
- Sampel
- Instrumen
- Pengumpulan Data
- Analisis

Simpulan
 BIOSTATISTIKA
 Statistics in the area of biological and health
sciences

 Statistics :
The science of collecting, summarizing,
presenting, and interpreting data, and of using
them to test hypotheses.
The science of collecting, summarizing, presenting, and
interpreting data, and of using them to test hypotheses.
The science of collecting, summarizing, presenting,
The purpose of a biostatistics
 to provide the numbers/tables/graphics
that contain information about a certain
situation and to present them in such a
way that valid interpretations are
possible
Increasing role of biostatistics
 Biostatistics provides a way of organizing
information on a wider and more formal basis
than relying on the exchange of anecdotes and
personal experience

 More things are now measured quantitatively in

medicine

 There is a great deal of intrinsic variation in most

biological processes
To answer these questions, we rely
on the methods of biostatistics
 Is the new drug effective + safe?

 Does the use of seat belt reduce the chance of death in

motor vehicle accident?

 Should a mastectomy always be recommended to a

patient with breast cancer?

 Where should government invest its resources if it

wishes to reduce infant mortality?
 etc