S V NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY SURAT

Department of Civil Engineering

M.Tech Environmental Engineering

SEMINAR PRESENTATION

Seminar guide : Dr. Bhaven N,Tandel,

Assistant professor,
Department of Civil Engineering,
S.V.N.I.T., Suart
Prepared by : Priyadharshini. P (P21EN014),
M.Tech 1st year.
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BIOLOGICAL REMEDIATION OF MUNICIPAL SOLID

WASTE LEACHATE
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CONTENTS

 Introduction
 Characteristics of leachate
 Leachate treatment methods
 Bioremediation
 Case study
 Summary
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INTRODUCTION

 Urbanization and industrialization attributed to huge amount of different

kind of municipal solid wastes generation.
 One of the methods that widely used for solid waste disposal is landfill
due to economic advantage and simple operation.
 Leachate refers to the liquid produced when the rainwater seeps through
the landfill sites or liquid generated due to waste decomposition process.
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INTRODUCTION
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INTRODUCTION

 Polluted leachate will carry different concentration of contaminants such

as organic matters and heavy metals depend on the waste composition.
 There are several methods that can be used to treat the leachate, divided
into biological, physical and chemical methods.
 Although both physical and chemical methods are efficient to treat the
leachate within short period, these methods are not economical. Hence,
biological method is recommended for long-term leachate treatment.
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CHARACTERISTICS OF LEACHATE

 Municipal landfill leachate contains Age (years) Young Intermed

iate
Old
(0-5) (>10)
pollutants that can be categorized into pH < 6.5
(5-10)
6.5 – 7.5 > 7.5
four key groups, namely, organic COD (mg/L) >10,000 5,000 – < 
10,000 5,000
contaminants and substrates, inorganic BOD5 / COD 0.5 – 1 0.1 – 0.5 > 0.1
compounds, heavy metals, total NH3 – N < 400 - -
(mg/L)
dissolved solids (TDS) and colour. H.M Medium Low Low
to low
 Based on its age, landfill leachate may VFA/HFA VFA VFA (5-
30%)
HFA
(80%) (80%)
be divided into three key groups, + HFA
Biodegradabi High Medium Low
namely, young, intermediate and old. lity
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LEACHATE TREATMENT METHODS

I. Physical and chemical methods : II. Biological methods :

1. AOP 1. Aerobic reactors
2. Adsorption 2. Anaerobic reactors
3. Membrane 3. Phytoremediation
4. Coagulation/Flocculation 4. Bioremediation
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LEACHATE TREATMENT METHODS

III. Combined methods :

1. Combined physical/chemical with biological
2. Combined physical and chemical methods together
3. Combined biological methods together
IV. Co- treatment with waste water
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BIOREMEDIATION

 The principle of bioremediation primarily comes from the control of

microorganism in contaminated environment, generally it means
microorganism remediation.
 Bioremediation uses naturally occurring bacteria and fungi or plants to
degrade or detoxify substances hazardous to human health or the
environment.
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Ecological relationships of microorganisms and contaminates

 Biological treatment most commonly involves the breakdown of

contamination into nontoxic forms by microbiological processes.
 Ecological Relationships of Microorganisms & Contaminates :
1. Intergrowth
2. Alternation
3. Competition 
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Microbial lifecycle
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CASE STUDY
 
Hyderabad Integrated MSW Limited

 Objective : The objective of the present research was to understand the

behavioural characteristics and the functionality of certain organisms
towards the bioremediation of the RO reject of MSWL ,

 And to demonstrate a realistic secondary treatment mechanism to be

utilized as the pre-treatment technique prior to advanced treatment units.
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CASE STUDY
 
Hyderabad Integrated MSW Limited

 Leachate source : legacy leachate pond

(Malkaram pond) at Jawahar nagar,
Hyderabad.
 Approximately, 6.5 lakh cubic meter of
fresh surface water was transformed into
diluted leachate.
 At present, the same is getting treated with
the help of reverse osmosis (RO) technique.
Malkaram pond
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CASE STUDY
Materials and methods

 Preparation of pilot pond : The remediation system was prepared and operated under
the open atmospheric condition.
 The formation of an open circular pond of 7.5 kL capacity. The dimensions of the pond
include 2 m of radius and 0.6 m of depth.
 The depth was kept minimal to maximize the surface area and thus the evaporation.
 The pond was protected with the help of high-density polyethylene liner to arrest the
downward leachate movement, garland drains to avoid the risk of any sort of spillage,
and protective barriers to mitigate human and animal interference.
 
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CASE STUDY
Materials and methods

 Conversion agents :  The study inculcated inclusion of four major conversion cum
stabilization agents, which are EM.1 solution, Bokashi balls, Bokashi powder, and
coir pith powder.
 A total amount of 34MT of coir pith powder, 560 kg of Bokashi balls, 10.5 kL of
EM culture, and 75 kg of Bokashi powder were added during the treatment tenure.
 The culture utilized for the study was majorly mesospheric to minimize the impact
of temperature and can be easily found in the open environment.
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CASE STUDY
Materials and methods

EM.1 Solution Bokashi balls Bokashi balls after 5 days

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CASE STUDY
Materials and methods

Bokashi powder Coir pith powder

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CASE STUDY
Materials and methods

 Characterization : The primary parameters taken into consideration include pH,

Electrical conductivity (EC), TDS, BOD, COD, and NH3-N.
 Additionally, the study aimed to constitute a comparison between the pre and post-
monsoon data, therefore, monitoring parameters included temperature and
precipitation.
 The frequency of analysis was optimized as once a day.
 The total research tenure so far is 4 months ( Feb to May 2019).
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CASE STUDY
Set of operations
Days Date Particulars product Quantity added
Day - 1 20/02/2019 Bokashi balls 60.0 kg
EM Culture(Raw) 3.0 L
Bokashi powder 15 kg
Day - 4 23/02/2019 60.0 kg
Bokashi balls EM
3.0 L
Culture(Raw)
Bokashi powder 15 kg
Day - 11 01/03/2019 Bokashi balls 60.0 kg
EM Culture(Raw) 3.0 L
Bokashi powder 15 kg
Day - 13 03/03/2019 Coir pith powder 14.0 MT

Day - 19 09/03/2019 Bokashi powder 25.0 kg

Bokashi balls 200.0 kg

Day - 29 19/03/2019 Coir pith powder 10.0 MT

Day - 56 17/04/2019 100.0 kg

Maida Bokashi balls
Coir pith powder 200.0 kg
10.0 MT
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CASE STUDY
Results

 Reduction of Pollution Load : Days Date Height Volume

Reduction(inch) Reduction(m3)

 Initially, up to the first 30 days, the Day - 1 20/02/2019 N.A N.A

treatment rate was moderately lower. Day - 4 23/02/2019 3.0 0.96

Possibly due to the activation and the Day - 11 01/03/2019 6.0 1.91

acclimatization to the local Day - 13 03/03/2019 6.5 2.07

conditions, but a steep growth in Day - 19 09/03/2019 8.0 2.55

performance was observed after the Day - 29 19/03/2019 10.2 3.25

Day - 56 17/04/2019 22.0 7.02

initiation period
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CASE STUDY
Results

 Reduction in Concentration :
SI. Name of the Units Raw Pre - monsoon Post - monsoon
No. parameter
1 pH _ 8.73@ 7.78@ 25oC 6.77@ 25oC
25oC
2 Electrical µSm-1 85800 64521 ± 1000 53890 ± 1000
conductivity
3 COD mg/L 10524 7240 ± 200 6041 ± 200
4 Chlorides mg/L 18802 14516 ± 200 11845 ± 200
5 Total Solids mg/L 44350 32473 ± 1000 29710 ± 1000
6 Total mg/L 43960 33985 ± 1000 27695 ± 1000
Dissolved Solids
7 BOD (3 days mg/L 1020 740 ± 50 557 ± 25
at 27oC)
8 mg/L 68 47 ± 5 32 ± 5
Ammonical Nitrogen
(NH3_N)
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CASE STUDY
Results

50
 Pre and Post monsoon analysis : 45
45.4
42

 Both COD and TDS showed a clear pattern

40 38

35

Reduction efficiency(%)
of reduced concentration and better treatment 30
31
27

efficiency from post to pre-monsoon session, 25

23
20

ranging approx. 42 and 38% respectively 15

10
over the values of 31 and 23%. 5

0
 But though the concentration of BOD got
reduced between both the sessions, a higher COD BOD TDS

Pre - monsoon(%) Post - monsoon (%)

depletion rate was noted during the post-
monsoon from 27% to 45.4%.
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CASE STUDY
Conclusion

 The treatment depicted an explicit fact that through biological treatment units are
significantly slower and moderately vulnerable to the external factors, it can yield
good results if properly maintained.
 The present system produced a considerably acceptable treatment efficacy of
42.6%, 45.4%,and 37.8% respectively for COD, BOD, and TDS over a period of
approx. 55 days.
 Furthermore, a notable reduction in obnoxious odour was also observed around the
pilot plant after the 15th day of the beginning of the operation.
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SUMMARY

 The ultimate treatment efficacy is a local phenomenon and its dependent on the various
factors such as the effectivity of the organism, climatic condition, influent characteristics etc.
 The higher rate of efficiency is probably due to the introduction of additional air diffusers
and a combination of the variety of organisms utilized.
 The particular sample carried mostly inorganic pollutants and therefore biological treatment
found to be quite ineffective.
 Thus the study recommends the usage of the Bioremediation as a potential pre-treatment
before the tertiary purification units.
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REFERENCES

 Abbas, Z., Arooj, F., Ali, S., Zaheer, I. E., Rizwan, M.&Riaz, M. A.2019 Phytoremediation of
landfill leachate waste contaminants through floating bed technique using water hyacinth and
water lettuce. Int. J. Phytorem. 21 (13), 1356– 1367.
https://doi.org/10.1080/15226514.2019.1633259. 

 Abuabdou, S. M. A., Ahmad, W., Aun, N. C. & Bashir, M. J. K. 2020 A review of anaerobic
membrane bioreactors (AnMBR) for the treatment of highly contaminated landfill leachate and
biogas production: effectiveness, limitations and future perspectives.J.CleanerPr
od.255,. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.120215.
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REFERENCES

 Abu Amr, S. S., Zakaria, S. N. F. & Aziz, H. A. 2017 Performance of combined ozone and
zirconium tetrachloride in stabilized landfill leachate treatment. J. Mater. Cycles Waste
Manage.19, 1384–1390. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10163-016-0524-x.

 Choudhury, A.R. and Dandapani, G. 2018. Proposed waste management strategies for small
pockets of greater Hyderabad city: A technical review. International Journal of Creative
Research Thoughts, 6(2): 608-617.
 
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