HAZARD

IDENTIFICATION &
RISK ASSESSMENT
 Introduction

Risk Assessment and Hazard

Identification is required for all kinds
of work.

Before any non-routine work, risk

assessment and hazard identification
must be conducted.

All risk can be reduced to as low as

reasonably practicable (ALARP).
 Objectives

To safeguard the health and safety of

the workforce and properties during
the construction phase.
To assess and analyze the possible
control and reduction measures for
the purpose of incident and accident
prevention.
To be able to understand the
importance of hazard analysis & risk
assessment.
 Topics

Hazards Identification
Risk Assessment
Risk Analysis Matrix
What is a Hazard?

Hazard
is anything
that has the
Potential
to cause
harm or
damage.
 Consequence Elements
 P People (death, injury)

 E Environment (pollution)

 A Asset (damage, loss)

 R Reputation (Legal suits, media,

share value)
 Table for Hazard Register

HSE
Result of Risk
Classificati
Analysis
on Probability
Remark
Potential after
Sub Mitigation and and
Item Category Activity Hazards Implementatio
Category Control Measures Reference
Identified n of Mitigation
s
Measures
H S E P A E R
 What is Risk?
Risk is the likelihood that the hazard will
cause harm and the severity of the
consequence.

For Example:
If you are cleaning the oven with corrosive
cleaner without using gloves or apron
there is a great risk of being harmed.
 WHY RISK ASSESSMENT?

To prevent Accidents

Identification of ar ds
Haz

Reducing the risk of injury from those

hazards to as low a level as is
reasonably practicable
What is Reasonably Practicable?
Reasonably Practicable
Balance of the risk against the cost of controls

Cost
Assessment of Time
Risk Trouble
Difficulty
 RISK ASSESSMENT
BASICALLY RISK ASSESSMENT IS THE FIRST STEP TO MAKING
YOUR WORKPLACE SAFE

AN EMPLOYER MUST :-
identify the hazards and eliminate where possible.
Evaluate risks
reduce or control risks to a low level
record the assessment (see later)

AN EMPLOYEE MUST:-
co-operate with the employer on all health and safety matters
inform their line manager if they are concerned about a health
and safety matter
adhere to all work and safety procedures.
WHO CARRIES OUT RISK
ASSESSMENT?
A Risk Assessment must be carried
out by a ………..

COMPETENT PERSON
 COMPETENT PERSON
A COMPETENT PERSON SHOULD HAVE:-

an understanding of the workplace

an ability to make sound judgements
a knowledge of the best practicable means to reduce
those risks identified

COMPETENCY MAY BE DEFINED AS A COMBINATION OF:-

knowledge
skill
experience
quality of personnel
ability to recognise the extent and limitations of one’s
own experience.
WHAT DOES THE LAW SAY ?

Employers General Duties

“It shall be the duty of every employer to ensure

so far as is reasonably practicable the health,
safety, and welfare at work of all his employees”

Which basically means that risks need to be

considered with regard to cost, time, trouble and
difficulty
 WHAT DOES THE LAW SAY ?

Risk Assessment

1) Every employer shall make a suitable and sufficient

assessment of the risks to his employees and persons
not in his employment from the hazards arising from
his undertaking

2) The assessment should be periodically reviewed

3) The significant findings should be recorded where

there are more than five employees
 Risk

The PROBABILITY that this

potential will be realised, taking
into account the likely SEVERITY
of the harm.

Risk is therefore a combination of :

Consequence x Probability
DEFINITION OF CONSEQUENCES - SEVERITY OF RISK
Consequences Severity Risk Potential Impact Definition
PEOPLE 0 No injury/illness No injury or damage to health

(fatalities, injuries and LOW Not detrimental to individual employability or the

occupational health) 1 Slight injury/illness performance of present work.
Agents not hazardous to health

Detrimental to the performance of present work, such as

2 MEDIUM Minor injury/illness absence to recover fully max 1 week
Agents contributing limited health effects

Leading to permanent partial disablement or unfitness for

work, detrimental to work performance over extended period
3 Major injury/illness – long-term absence
Agents capable of irreversible damage without serious
disability, e.g. noise, poorly designed manual handling tasks

Possibility of multiple fatalities (max. 3) in close succession

Single fatality/permanent total due to the incident, e.g. explosion
4 Agents capable of irreversible damage with serious disability
HIGH disability/unfitness for work
or death e.g. corrosive, known human carcinogens

Fatalities in close succession due to the incident or multiple

5 Multiple fatalities
ASSETS & EQUIPMENT
0 No damage
LOW
1 Slight damage
2 Minor damage
MEDIUM
3 Localized damage
4 Major damage
HIGH
fatalities (>4) each at different points and/or with different
activities.
Agents with potential to cause multiple fatalities, e.g.
chemicals with acute toxic effects, e.g. H2S, CO, known
human carcinogens
No damage to equipment
No disruption to the process
Minimum cost of repair < US$10,000
Possible brief disruption of the process
Isolation of equipment for repair, < US$100K
Plant partly down
Process can be restarted, repair cost < $1M
Partial loss of plant
Plant shut down for at most 2 weeks and/or repair cost < $
10M

Total loss of the plant

5 Extensive damage
Extensive damage, repair cost > $10M
 DEFINITION OF CONSEQUENCES
SEVERITY OF RISK …….. con’t
Consequences Severity Risk Potential Impact Definition

ENVIRONMENT No financial consequences

0 No effect/Near-miss No environmental risk

LOW
Negligible financial consequences
1 Slight effect No complaint

Local environmental risk

Contamination
Damage sufficiently large to attack the environment
2 MEDIUM Minor effect
No permanent effect on the environment

Limited loss of discharges of known toxicity

Repeated accedence’s of statutory or prescribed limit
3 Local effect and beyond fence/neighborhood

Severe environmental damage

Extensive measures is necessary to restore
contaminated environment to its original state
4 Major effect
Extended accedence’s of statutory or prescribed limit
HIGH

Persistent severe environmental damage

Severe nuisance over a large area
Major economic loss to the company
5 Massive effect Constant high accedence’s of statutory or prescribed
limit
 DEFINITION OF CONSEQUENCES
SEVERITY OF RISK ……… con’t
Consequences Severity Risk Potential Impact Definition

REPUTATION 0 No impact No public awareness

LOW Public awareness will exist

1 Slight impact No public concern

Some local public concern

2 MEDIUM Limited impact Light local media and/or local political attention

Regional public concern

Extensive negative attention in local media
Light national media
3 Considerable impact Local/regional political attention with possibly negative stance
of local government and/or action groups

National public concern

Extensive negative attention in national media
Regional national policies with restrictive measures
4 HIGH Major national impact Impact on grant of licenses
Mobilization of action groups

International public attention

Extensive negative attention in international media
Extensive negative attention in national/international policies
5 Major international impact with potentially severe impact on access to new areas, grants
of licenses and/or tax legislation
 Risk Assessment Matrix Table
HSE Risk Assessment Matrix

Potential Consequence Severity Probability of Occurrence

  1 2 3 4 5 6

>3
Million
Scor Never 1-3 250K-1 100K-
People (P) Assets (A) Environment (E) Reputation (R ) hours in <100K
e of heard of Million Mill. 250K
Co. or hours in
Lev in hours in Hours in hours in
heard of Co.
el industry Co. Co. Co.
in
industry

No Injury/ Near No Damage/ No Effect/ Near No Impact/ Near LOW RISK CATEGORY: SCORE OF 0 - 3 NO
0
miss Near Miss Miss miss FURTHER ACTION REQUIRED

Slight
Injury/Illness
1 Slight Damage Slight Effect Slight Impact
(First Aid
Treatment Case)            

Minor
MEDIUM RISK: SCORES OF 4 -
Injury/Illness
2 Minor Damage Minor Effect Limited Impact 9 Reduce in so far as is
(Medical
reasonably practicable
Treatment Case)      

Major
Injury/Illness Localized
3 Localized Effect Large Impact
(Lost Time Damage
Injury/Illness)            

Single Fatality HIGH RISK: SCORE OF > 9 Unacceptable

4 (Fatality/Perman Major Damage Major Effect Major National risk, must be reduced as far as is
ent Disability)     reasonably practicable

Multiple Extensive Major

5 Massive Effect
Fatalities Damage International            
 Risk Control Strategy
E liminate, at design stage if possible

RI eplacement

C solate
ontrol

P
D ersonal protective equipment
iscipline
 Let’s Review!

HAZARD IDENTIFICATION
Identify all the possible situations in the workplace
where people may be exposed to injury, illness or
disease.

“Find it”
 Let’s Review!

RISK ASSESSMENT
Determine the likelihood that people may be exposed
to injury, illness or disease in the workplace arising
from any situation identified during the hazard
identification process.

“Assess it”
 Let’s Review!
RISK CONTROL

Identify all practicable measures for eliminating or

reducing the likelihood of injury, illness or disease in
the workplace to implement the measures and to
continually review the measures in order to ensure
their effectiveness.

“Fix it”
 ARE YOUR CONTROLS
ADEQUATE?

Hazard

Something with the potential to cause harm

A RISK ASSESSMENT IS
YOUR BEST INVESTMENT
QUESTIONS?