SAND FILTER AND SEPERATOR

USING SOLAR ENERGY

SUBMITTED IN
PARTIAL FULFILLMENT FOR THE DEGREE OF DIPLOMA
IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

SUBMITTED BY ENROLLMENT NO.

DEEPKUMAR JAGDISH SARAIYA 206290319504
RUTVIK UMESH TANK 206290319507
JAYESH DIWAN MAHAJAN 206290319509
ASHISHBHAI HARESHBHAI MAHLA 206290319513
KUNTALKUMAR SURENDRA VARMA 206290319515
Diploma (Mechanical)

GUIDED BY
Mr. H.U. TANDEL
Lecturer, MED

2020- 2021
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Government Polytechnic,
Valsad
396001, Gujarat, India

CERTIFICATE
 This is to certify that the partial report of major (or Minor) Project entitled
“SAND FILTER AND SEPRATOR USING SOLAR ENERGY” submitted by Mr.
ASHISHBHAI HARESHBHAI MAHLA (En.No.206290319513) in partial
fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the degree in “Diploma In
Mechanical
Engineering” during the academic year 2020-2021 of Government Polytechnic,
Valsad is a record of his own work carried out under our supervision and guidance.

Mr. H U Tandel Mr. B N Patel

Guide and Lecturer, MED Head Of Department
Mechanical

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Government Polytechnic, Valsad, Kosamba Road,
GUJARAT, INDIA-396001
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
It gives me immense pleasure to express my sense of sincere gratitude towards
respected guide Mr. H U Tandel Lecturer, for his constant encouragement and
valuable guidance during the completion of preliminary project report.

I would like to thank Head of Department Mr. B N Patel and Principal Mr. C H
BHATT who provided me opportunity to do this project.

I also express my sincere thanks towards all staff members and those who have
directly or indirectly helped me in successfully completion of the project.

TANK RUTVIK UMESH

Diploma (Mechanical)
(206290319507)
 ABSTRACT
Construction of buildings requires sand as an important ingredient Sand is used
at different stages in construction right from the foundation to the finishing work i.e.
plaster. This sand is needs to be screened properly for various stages in construction,
i.e. size of sand for construction work is slightly coarse whereas that used for plaster
work is fine. Conventionally screening is normally done manually using fixed screens
or machines. This manual process time consuming and laborious takes a lot of time
and cost. It is also observed that the conventional machine prove of no or little help as
the sand needs to be manually transported and material handling takes place twice to
get different sizes of sand.
Population growth and improved lifestyle along with subsequent technological
development have led to growing demand for energy. In order to fulfill such energy
demands, continuous increase in exploitation as well as consumption of conventional
energy sources is observed consequently, (a) fossil fuel depletion and (b) rising trend
in greenhouse gas emission have become major concerns around the world. Therefore,
exploitation of alternative resources has been globally emphasized in this context. Use
of eco-friendly renewable energy sources for supplementing energy requirement can
address issues like global warming, fossil fuel depletion and energy security.
In this project solar PV operated sand filtering and separator will be design and
fabricated. For the sand sieving required rotary power provided by the motor.
Electricity required for the motor operation is generated by the solar PV cell.
 Contents
CHAPTER-1. INTRODUCTION ..................................................
.......................... 7
CHAPTER-2. COMPONENTS OF SAND FILTER AND SEPERATORE........... 8

2.1 Details of Different Components of the

System: ............................................ 8 2.1.1 Vibrator

Pulley: ........................................................................................ 8

2.1.2 D.C. Motor: ..............................................................................................

9

2.1.3 Inverter Circuit: ......................................................................................

10

2.1.4 Solar Panel: ............................................................................................

11

2.1.5 Battery: ...................................................................................................

12

2.1.6 Spring: ....................................................................................................

12

2.1.7 Sand Sieving Mesh:................................................................................

13

CHAPTER-3. WORKING OF SOLAR PV CELL OPERATED SAND FILTER AND

SEPERATOR ..................................................................................................... 14

3.1.1 Working of solar PV cell operated sand filter and separator ................. 14

CHAPTER-4. PROJECT AND METHODOLOGY.............................................. 16

CHAPTER-6. COST ESTIMATION..................................................................... 24

CHAPTER-5. 3D MODELING OF SAND FILTER AND SEPERATOR ...........

CHAPTER-7. FUTURE WORK............................................................................ 25

17

5.1 3D Modelling of Sand Filter and Separator Using Solar Energy Solid
7.1 Future Work................................................................................................... 25

7.2 Advantages ....................................................................................................

25

7.3 Application: ...................................................................................................

25

8.1 FLOW PROCESS CHART………………………………………………………………………………

27

8.2 Out line

chart………………………………………………………………………………………......28
 CHAPTER-1. INTRODUCTION

Generally while preparing the concrete for construction purpose, the process of
sieving are carried out manually. Sieving of sand is carried out using rectangular mesh
which is inclined at certain angle. In the present sand sieving method, the sample is
subjected to horizontal movement in accordance with the chosen method. This causes
a relative motion between the particles and the sieve. Depending on their size the
individual particles either pass through the sieve mesh or retained on the sieve surface.
There are different machines that are being used for sand Sieving, but we demonstrate
the design & fabrication of automatically driven sand sieving machine which have low
cost and simple in operation.
This project focuses in design, fabrication of the mechanical part of machine
and
the system of the sieve machine. To achieve this project objective, this sieve
machine body structure and mechanical system needs to concern some other criteria
such as strength, safety and ergonomic design. This project flow must start from
design, analysis, and lastly fabrication process before develop the sieve machine, it
must compare with other product in market. It is because to study the customer need
and to create a new design with new feature. Here we demonstrate the design &
fabrication system. Sand is used in construction, manufacturing and many industries.
Sand needs to be filtered and separated from unneeded particles, stones and other
large particles before it is put to use. Our system puts forward a fully automated sand
filtering and separator system that automatically filters sand poured on it. Here we use
a motorized shaft that is mounted horizontally using mounts. The shaft is connected to
a filter frame with mesh below and enclosing frame on the sides. We now have a rod
connected from the shaft to the filter frame in a way such as to achieve the best
horizontal motion. Also we have a frame to hold the filter frame in place while
ensuring proper horizontal motion at the same time. On switching on the motor using
our motor controller circuit, the system allows to operate the motor. This allows us to
operate the sand filter motion for appropriate sand filtering needs.
 CHAPTER-2. COMPONENTS OF SAND FILTER AND
SEPERATORE

1. Details of Different Components of the System:

1. Vibrator Pulley:
A pulley is a wheel on an axle or shaft that is designed to support
movement and change of direction of a taut cable or belt, or transfer of
power between the shaft and cable or belt. ... Pulleys are also assembled as part
of belt and chain drives in order to transmit power from one rotating shaft to
another.

Fig. 1. Vibrator Pulley

2.1.2 D.C.
Motor:

Fig. 2. D.C. Motor

DC Motor the DC motor find in modern industrial

applications operates very similarly to the simple
DC motor. When voltage is applied to the motor,
current begins to flow through the field coil from the
negative terminal to the positive terminal. This sets
up a strong magnetic field in the field winding.
Current also begins to flow through the brushes into
a commutated segment and then through an armature
coil. The current continues to flow through the coil
back to the brush that is attached to other end of the
coil and returns to the DC power source. The current
flowing in the armature coil sets up a strong magnetic
field in the armature. The switching action is timed
so that the armature will not lock up magnetically
with the field. Instead the magnetic fields tend to
build on each.
2.1.3 Inverter Circuit:

Fig. 3. Inverter Circuit

A power inverter, or inverter, is a power electronic

device or circuitry that changes direct current (DC) to
alternating current (AC).[1] The resulting AC
frequency obtained depends on the particular device
employed. Inverters do the opposite of "converters"
which were originally large electromechanical
devices converting AC to .DC.
2.1.4 Solar
Panel:

Fig. 4. Solar Panel

The batteries of cell phones, PDAs, laptops, mp3

players, and more can be charged by solar battery
chargers. A solar cell, or photovoltaic cell is an
electrical device that converts the energy of light
directly into electricity by the photovoltaic effect,
which is a physical and chemical phenomenon It is a
form of photoelectric cell, defined as a device
whose electrical characteristics, such as current,
voltage, or resistance, vary when exposed to light.
In a solar panel battery, the solar cell is the smallest
constituent unit of a device having the function of
photoelectric conversion. That maintains them
joined to the cores of the atoms, promoting them to
a superior energetic state called conduction band in
which they can move easily through the
2.1.5 Battery:

A 12v battery is used to store the electrical energy generated by the solar PV cell,
which is used to power the motor.

Fig. 5. Battery

2.1.6 Spring:

Fig. 6. Spring

In many bulk material processing plants, the

material is vibrated because the power of applied
vibration energizes material reducing friction
against container walls as well as internal
particle-to-particle cohesion. As a result, the
material moves more freely, feeds more
effectively, sorts more consistently and compacts
more efficiently.. Electric vibrators
(electromagnetic vibrators and unbalanced
motors) are used during emptying bulk materials
from silos / hoppers and in various equipment
like vibrating feeders and vibrating screens. In a
bulk material processing plant, screening of
about electric vibrators and vibrating screens is given in this booklet. It may be
noted that electric vibrators are not autonomous functioning machines; they are
designed to operate only with another machines.

2.1.7 Sand Sieving Mesh:

A sand sieve mesh has been designed by using clamps and a square block
which is welded, and fixed to the clamps that hold the thin sheet of mesh
rigidly.
The standard dimensions of the mesh are 36*20* cm.

Fig. 7. Sand Sieving Mesh

CHAPTER-3. WORKING OF SOLAR PV CELL OPERATED
SAND FILTER AND SEPERATOR
3.1.1 Working of solar PV cell operated sand filter and
separator

Fig. 8. Working of solar PV cell operated sand filter and separator

Fig. 9. Vibrating sand separator

The figure shows the sand filter and separator. In this the whole work
is based on the mechanism of motor operated mechanism. The
rotation of the motor transfers the motion to the movement of
rectangular shape filter. Electric power generated by the solar PV cell
is supplied to run the motor.
 This takes the concept of gravity. Where the material tends to go down when
there is an empty place. Using the electrical motor. it vibrates as it mechanism.
Vibration absorbers are devices attached to flexible systems. Or dynamic systems in
order to minimize the vibration amplitudes at a specific set of points (Khurmi and
Gupta, 2005). It is widely used for all the grades of feeds especially in the Separation
of mixture of intermediate and fine particles. Sieve is vibrated to keep the particles in
motion und to prevent blinding. Based on the vibrational method of operation. Thus
the class of sieve is divided into two categories mechanically and electrically vibrated
sieves. Electrical vibrations are transmitted from the solenoids to the casing of the
sieve. For mechanical vibrating sieve. The vibration is transmitted from eccentrics to
the casing of the sieve. A range of I SOO to 7200 vibrations per uncut are usual in all
brands of vibrating sieve. This machine is efficient and effective however, it's very
expensive given its robustness. (Hurtog, 1956). Figure 12 below shows the machine.
It consists of the pulley and belt arrangement which rotates the crank and
through it slider consists of oscillating mechanism. The power is transmitted to
the crank and slider mechanism. This mechanism is used to rotate the crank, the pulley
which is having an extended rod is connected to the sliding portion of the rectangular
plate directly by means of a linkage. The rectangular plate is passed through the guide
ways by means of maintaining the cutting axis. The rectangular sieve moves linearly
on guided path.
The crank is connected to the flywheel which is transfer the motion from one to
another. The flywheel is connected to another wheel which is connected to the
rectangular filter plate through belt. The rotating motion of the electrical motor
converts to the sliding motion using two flywheels and belt. The sliding crank
mechanism is used in this project. The flywheel which is placed at the top is used as
crank and connecting rod in between the rectangular plate and flywheel.
CHAPTER-4. PROJECT AND METHODOLOGY

Decide the project topic, done the market survey on the project
topic

Literature survey related to topic

Prepared the acknowledgement abstract, introduction

Prepared materials list & experiment set up working

procedure

Done the design of the components

Prepared the 2d drafting & 3d modeling in Solid works,

2014

Preparing the model of experimental set up & taking the

reading & finding the efficiency
 CHAPTER-5. 3D MODELING OF SAND FILTER AND
SEPERATOR
5.1 2D Drawing of Sand filter and separator
assembly

Fig. 10. D Drawing of Sand filter and separator

assembly
5.2 2D drawing of metal frame.

Fig. 11. 2D drawing of metal frame

5.3 2D drawing of sand collector

Fig. 12. 2D drawing of sand collector

5.4 3D Modelling of Sand Filter and Separator Using Solar Energy Solid
works

Fig. 13. 3D Modeling of table in Solid

Works
 Fig. 14. 3D Modeling of metallic frame in Solid
Works

Fig. 15 3D Modeling of Metallic rack in Solid

Works
Fig. 16. 3D-isometric view of sand separator assembly in Solid
Works
Fig. 17. 3D-Top View and front view of sand separator assembly in Solid
Works
 CHAPTER-6. COST ESTIMATION
Table 1. Coat
estimation
Sr No Components Approx. Cost(Rs)

1 Vibrator Pulley 500

2 D.C. Motor (12w) 2000

3 Inverter Circuit 1000

4 Solar Panel 5000

5 Vibrating Spring 600

6 Nut And Bolt 150

7 Plug And Switch 200

8 Metal Sheet 200

9 Metal Frame (45ft) 2500

10 Net (22*38) 250

Total Approx. Cost 12400

 CHAPTER-7. FUTURE WORK

1. Future Work
This Project has a very wide
scope in the future as discussed
below:
• This project can used at all
small scale like in
construction of home, small
building and shops etc.
• Also this project can be used
at large scale like in
construction of bridges, large
buildings and flyovers etc.
• As we can see that this
project can be used at small
and large scale so this project
has a wide future scope.
• Advantages

•Automatic Filtering

•Fast Filtering

•Easy to Disposed of Unneeded Object

•Power savings as it operates using solar energy.

•Comfortable than ordinary machine.

•Easy machinery used.

•Application:
•Construction site

•Agriculture site

•To feed the grains

•Corn shelling

•Peanut shelling

•Rice shelling
 FLOW PROCESS CHART

CHART NO. SUMMARY

PROJECT/METERIAL/MAN ACTIVITY PRESENT PROPOSED

OPERATION
ACTIVITY: 7
MACHING, WALLING, WELDING ETC….
2
TRANSPORT |-\

2
DELAY

1
METHOD: INSPECTION
PRESENT/PROPOSED
3
STORAGE

TOTAL DISTANCE: TIME -

LOCATION: MACHINESHOP
OPERATIONS CLOCK NO COST -
LABOUR-
MATERIAL-
TOTAL-
CHARTED BY:- PROJECT GROUP M-16 APPROVED:- 23/12/2021

SR.NO DESCRIPTION QUY. DISTANCE TIME REMARKS

(M) (MIN)

SUMBOL

Metal Frame 45(f.t) 22 40 min

1
Metal Frame 45(f.t) ----- 1 Day
2
cutting of Metal 45(f.t) ------ 50 Min
3 Frame
Welding & Finishing 45(f.t) ------ 2 H.R
4
Sand net 22 * 38 2 10 min
5
Sand net 22 * 38 ------ 1 day
6
welding Sand net 22 * 38 ------ 25 min
7
Spring 20 1 H.R
8
Spring 8 15 min
9
Spring ----- 20 min
10
11 DC Motor 30 min
--- ----
12 DC Motor 9 20 min

13 Vibrater

14 Inverter circuit

15 Inverter circuit

16 Net, Bolt, 1 7 min

Switch,
•FFFFFFSSC
FRAME NET INVERTER
DC-
MOTOR
SPRING PULLEY
NUT-
BOLT

TRANSPORT INSPECTION INSPECTION INSPECTION INSPECTIO

INSPECTION INSPECTION

MARKING $
MANUFAC
CUTTING TURING FEETTING

INSPECTION
INSPECTION

WELDING

INSPECTION

DRILING

INSPECTION
References:

1. Vaibhav V. Patil, Depart ment of mechanical engineering, KDK college of

Engineering Nagpur, Sandeep Raut, M.tech symbiosis institute of technology, Pune ‘Sand
Screening And Washing Machine, International journal of innovative research and
development, sept- 2013,page no.208,Vol 2,issue 9
2.Tomasz SZYMANSKI, Piopr WODZINSKI, ‘Characteristics of screening in screens with
vibrating sieves’ International journal of innovative research and development,
Physiochemical problems of mineral processing ,39(2005),177-188,Received march
15, 2005; reviewed ;accepted may 15,2005.
•M. Ramarao Associate professor B. Mahesh UG student , Department of mechanical
engineering, Holy mary institute of technology and science, ‘Design and fabrication of
development of sand filter and separator pedal powered, International journal of emerging
technologies in engineering research (IJETER) Vol 6,issue 3, March(2018).
•V.P Duriraj, J. Manikandan, Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering,
Bharath University, BIHER, Chennai ‘Design and Fabrication of sieving Machine,
International journal of Punee and applied Mathematics, Vol 116, No.19 2017,474-451.
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SVS of Engineering Coimbatore ‘Design And Fabrication Of Horizantal Sieving Machine,
International Research Journal of Multidisciplinary science and technology, Vol 1, issue 3
july-2016.
•Joshi Anilkumar, V. S. Lakshmi Ravuri, Research Scholar School of Mechanical
Engineering, VIT University, Vellore, ‘Fabrication of Solar Based Sand Sieving Machine’
Technical Research Organization India(TROI) Vol. 4, issue 5 Jan 2017.
•Stephen, Tambari,Dan Orawari, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rivers State
Polytechnic-P.M.B.20 Bori, ‘Design Analysis of Reciprocating Cassava Sieving
Machine’ IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE), Vol 12, issue 4,
Version 2 July-Aug 2015, Page No.7-15.
•Oladeji Akanni Ogunwole, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University
of Technology, Minna Nigeria ‘Design construction and testing of a Dry Sand Sieving
Machine’ JASEM ISSN 1119-8362, J. Appl. Sci. Env. Management Sept 2012, Vol 16(3),
Page No.241-243.
9. https://youtu.be/K_2YPatQDMo
10. https://youtu.be/sHnqjKwVND0
11. https://youtu.be/kgG8_pGvbLU
12. https://youtu.be/kgG8_pGvbLU
13. https://www.scribd.com/document/444601716/Design-and-Construction-of-an-
Automatic-Sand-Separation-System-Final-Year-Project-report-by-Job-Lazarus-
Okello taken construction.