RAY OPTICS - II

1. Refraction through a Prism

2. Expression for Refractive Index of Prism
3. Dispersion
4. Angular Dispersion and Dispersive Power
5. Blue Colour of the Sky and Red Colour of the Sun
6. Compound Microscope
7. Astronomical Telescope (Normal Adjustment)
8. Astronomical Telescope (Image at LDDV)
9. Newtonian Telescope (Reflecting Type)
10. Resolving Power of Microscope and Telescope

Created by C. Mani, Principal, K V No.1, AFS, Jalahalli West, Bangalore

Refraction of Light through Prism:
A
A

N1 N2
P D δ
i e
Q
r1 O r2
μ
B C Prism

Refracting Surfaces
In quadrilateral APOQ,
From (1) and (2),
A + O = 180° …….(1) A = r 1 + r2
(since N1 and N2 are normal) From (3),
In triangle OPQ, δ = (i + e) – (A)

r1 + r2 + O = 180° …….(2) or i+e=A+δ

In triangle DPQ,
δ = (i - r1) + (e - r2) Sum of angle of incidence and angle
of emergence is equal to the sum of
δ = (i + e) – (r1 + r2) …….(3) angle of prism and angle of deviation.
Variation of angle of deviation with angle of incidence:

When angle of incidence increases,

δ
the angle of deviation decreases.
At a particular value of angle of incidence
the angle of deviation becomes minimum
and is called ‘angle of minimum deviation’.
δm
At δm, i=e and r1 = r2 = r (say) 0 i=e i
After minimum deviation, angle of deviation
increases with angle of incidence.
Refractive Index of Material of Prism:
A = r1 + r2 According to Snell’s law,
A = 2r sin i sin i
μ= =
r=A/2 sin r1 sin r

i+e=A+δ (A + δm)
sin
2 i = A + δm 2
μ=
A
i = (A + δm) / 2 sin
2