EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT

DESIGN OF BUILDINGS

Dr. K. NARAYAN, Ph.D. (IIT Roorkee)

Assistant Professor,
Department of Civil Engineering
Institute of Engineering & Technology
Sitapur Road, Lucknow
Mob: 9450025553

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 CAUSES OF EARTHQUAKE
THEORY OF PLATE TECTONICS:
Surface of earth consists of about a dozen giant
plates of rock 100 Km thick, which float on
the earth’s semi molten mantle.
The plates are in constant motion and where
they meet, friction temporarily locks them in
place causing stresses to build up near their
edges, rock fractures, energy released causes
earthquake.

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 A major shock may be result from a
rupture of rocks over a length of
100 to 400 Km and several Km
wide & thick.

Structures have to be engineered

to withstand appropriate
earthquake forces depending on
the seismic zone where they are to
be located
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 2005 NPEEE Earthquake Design Concept : Lecture 2: Plate Tectonics & Seismic Waves 11/23

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 10 Oct,1956 Bulndshahar 6.7

27Aug,1960 Delhi 6.0

27 Jan,1966 UP- Nepal 6.3

05/02/2215Aug,1966
Moradabad,
5.3
UP
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 INDIAN STANDARDS
IS: 1893 – 1984(2002), Criteria for
Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures,
Part 1 General Provisions and Buildings
IS: 4326 – 1993(2002-04) Earthquake
Resistant Design and Construction of
Buildings
IS: 13920 – 1993(2002-03) Ductile Detailing
of Reinforced Concrete Structures Subjected
to Seismic Forces – Code of Practice
IS: 456 – 2000 Plain and Reinforced
Concrete – Code of Practice
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Seismic Effects on Structures

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PRINCIPLES OF EARTHQUAKE
RESISTNAT DESIGN

Reduced mass

Symmetry and continuity

Ductility

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 EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT
MEASURES AT PLANNING
STAGE

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 SITE SELECTION

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 SITE SELECTION

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 PLAN OF BUILDING

Asymmetry
should be
avoided.
Asymmetric
buildings
undergo torsion.
Extreme corners
are subjected to
very large
earthquake
forces

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 PLAN OF BUILDING

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 GENERAL SHAPE OF BUILDINGS

Sudden change in lateral stiffness should be avoided

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 GENERAL SHAPE OF BUILDINGS

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 PROJECTIONS AND OVERHANGS

Large
overhangs,
projections
and floating
columns
attract large
earthquake
forces and
therefore
likely to
damage/
collapse

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SEPARATION OF DISSIMILAR BUILDINGS

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 DETAILS AT SEPARATION
(AT WALLS)

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 DETAILS AT SEPARATION
(AT FLOORS)

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 DETAILS AT SEPARATION
(AT ROOF)

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FOUNDATIONS IN LIQUEFIABLE SOILS

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FOUNDATIONS IN LIQUEFIABLE SOILS

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FOUNDATIONS IN LIQUEFIABLE SOILS

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 SLOPING ROOFS

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 PITCHED ROOF TRUSS

Pitched roof should have tie members and

bracings. It should also be properly anchored to
the walls

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 SEPARATED STAIRCASE

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 SEPARATED STAIRCASE

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 ENCLOSED STAIRCASE

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 ENCLOSED STAIRCASE

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 ATTACHMENTS AND OVERHANGS

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HEAVY MASS AT THE TOP BUILDINGS
Large water
tanks should
be avoided.
Small water
tanks, if
provided,
should be
properly
connected
with the
framing
system.

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 EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT
MEASURES IN MASONRY
BUILDINGS

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THROUGH STONES IN RUBBLE MASONRY

To avoid splitting of rubble masonry walls, through stones

should be provided in sufficient numbers
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WALL JUNCTION IN RUBBLE MASONRY

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 OPENINGS IN WALLS

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EARTHQUAKE BANDS AND VERTICAL
REINFORCEMENT

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 EARTHQUAKE BANDS IN RC

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 STRUCTURAL DETAIL OF WALL

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 EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT
MEASURES IN RC
BUILDINGS

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 BUILDINGS ON HILL SLOPES

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WEAK BEAM AND STRONG
COLUMN DESIGN

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BUILDING WITH SOFT FIRST STOREY

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BUILDING WITH SOFT FIRST STOREY

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BUILDING WITH SOFT FIRST STOREY

GROUND STOREY IS TO BE DESIGNED FOR 2.5 TIMES

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STOREY SHEARS
SHORT COLUMN EFFECT IN FRAME
BUILDINGS

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 Beams in RC Buildings

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Columns

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Buildings with Shear Walls

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 Water Tanks at Roof
05/02/22 Buj Earthquake 2001
 Buj Earthquake 2001

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 Buj Earthquake 2001

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 Bhuj Earthquake 2001
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 Andaman 2004
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 THANK YOU !

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