SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

USING EFFECTIVE
MICEOORGANISM (EM)
TECHNOLOGY

Authors: Smitha Mathews* and R.Gowrilekshmi

According to International Journal of Current Microbiology and. Applied Science
 INTRODUCTION

Improper Acute environmental problems

waste
management Serious health issues
treatments
leads to A breeding site for vectors
Air pollution
Water pollution
Solid
wastes Soild pollution
Establish a solution for the fruit and vegetable wastes
To coped with collection (offensive smell and sanitation)
Production of quality composts.
 EFFECTIVE MICROORGANISM

Effective Microorganism (EM)

• Developed by Dr. TeuroHiga, in 1968.
• A microbial inoculant
• Containing naturally occurring beneficial microbes.
• Main species of EM microorganisms
(chen hinh)
 EFFECTIVE MICROORGANISM

• Prevents putrefaction
• Decrease pH
• Inhibits soil-borne pathogens
• Promotes active cell and root division etc
• Enhance anti-oxidation capability in soil
• Increases yield and quality of crops
• EM treatments @ 0.1% were given to 5 samples
• One municipal liquid waste
• 4 different local industries for four days
 EFFECTIVE MICROORGANISM

• Samples were analysed for many parameters were

reduced with EM treatment.
• Deoxidize the heavy metals (and convert it into
organometallic compounds)
• Reduced offensive odour of garbage
• Esters and alcohol was evident in two days.
• Lactic acid bacteria
• Increase in acidity of the leachate.
• Increased soil properties promote crop growth
 MATERIALS AND METHODS

Effective Microorganisms
• A brownish liquid
• Pleasant odour
• Sweet sour taste
• A pH of 3 and
• Stored in cool place before activation.
Activating the Effective
• EM requires activation.
• Jaggery and rice water is being used to activate expired
and non-expired EM to take a comparison among them.
 MATERIALS AND METHODS

Fruit and vegetable wastes decomposition by AEM

Sample collection
• Fruit and vegetable wastes (Banana, orange, apple,
cauliflower, carrot, brinjal etc.) were collected before
indigenous decomposition.
• Control
• NJC
• NRC
• EJC
• ERC
 ANALYSIS OF DECOMPOSITION
PROCESS

• Measurement of physical parameters

+ Smell
+ Colour change and Appearance
• Measurement of chemical parameters
+ Temperature
+ Ph
+ Salinity
+ mV
+ Dissolved oxygen (DO)
+ Conductivity and TDS
 ANALYSIS OF DECOMPOSITION
PROCESS

• Measurement of biological parameters

+ Detection of coliforms and E.coli
+ Detection and Analysis of Lactobacillus
+ Detection of EM and Non EM members
 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

Evalution of physical properties

During the first 28 days of decomposition process each of
the sample contained in 5 different buckets are analysed for
determining the physical properties.
• Odour : The results based on olfactory judgement
• Appearance : A white cotton like fungi growth
(Actinomyces)
• Colours: The colour of EM treated samples gradually
changes to pale green then to light brown as the process
continues while the C sample shows black colour in
course of time.
 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

Evalution of Chemical parameters

• During the first 28 days of decomposition, each of the 5
samples are analysed to determine its chemical
parameters.
Changes in pH and salinity
• pH of NJC,EJC and ERC
• Salinity increase
 Change in conductivity and TDS
among samples within 28 days

• As conductivity increases turbidity decreases, indicating

better degradation of organic matter and release of better
nutrients. Jaggery AEM attains the higher conductivity
than other samples.
• The initial rise maybe due to slow decomposition of
organic matter by available microorganism and the
subsequent decrease may be due to fast breakdown of
organic matter by the organisms present releasing the
nutrients.
 Change in Dissolved Oxygen (DO)

• Dissolved oxygen is necessary to minimize odour

pollution and provide a much better indication of living
conditions for microbes within actively composting
materials.
• Oxygen produced by photosynthetic bacteria as a by-
product of decomposition contributes to an increase in
amount of DO at a faster rate in EM inoculated samples
compared to the Control.
 Evaluation of Biological parameters

• During the first 28 days of decomposition each of the EM

inoculated samples and control were analysed for its
biological parameters
• This may be due a decrease in pH indicating acidic
condition and reduction in BOD which causing
deficiency in organic matter.
 Population dynamics of
Lactobacillus and Non EM
organisms

• Population dynamics of Lactobacillus shows a great

increase on EM treated samples than control .
Lactobacillus by production of lactic acid decreases the
offensive smell produced during fermentation process
 Population dynamics of Yeast and
Actinomycets

• Initial decrease and subsequent increase in microbial

population in the EM inoculated sample maybe the active
growth of lactobacillus.
• The decrease in the Non EM micro flora
+The organic acids produced by the fungus: harmful for
the Non EM micro flora (shows a declining trend upto 14 th
Day)
+ Both Jaggery and Rice water AEM shows almost same
effect.
 Population dynamics of Yeast
and Actinomycets

• Yeast (Saccharomyces spp) synthesizes anti-microbial

and other useful bioactive substances: hormones and
enzymes - useful substrates for effective microorganisms
(EM).
• 14th Day ,yeast population shows same growth in Rice
water and Jaggery AEM
• 21st Day,Ricewater AEM compost shows a declining
trend, after that the rate of yeast growth: stable.
• They prefer a mesophilic range of temperature which is
maintained in the composting process.
• A generation of alcohol and vinegar like smell
 Population dynamics of Yeast
and Actinomycets

• Growth of Actinomyces on the surface of wastes were

seen within 7 days, a colour change from green to light
black/brown
• The chemical parameters: pH, TDS (Total Dissolved
Solids) and BOD shows a declining trend.
 Population dynamics of Yeast
and Actinomycets

Fig.2Changes
Fig.1 ChangesininpH
conductivity
and salinityand TDS among
of samples samples
within 28 Days
Fig.3 Changes in Dissolved
within Oxygen
28 day (DO) among samples
Population dynamics of Lactobacillus and
within
Population dynamics 28 days.
of Yeast and Actinomycets
Non EM organisms
 Population dynamics of Yeast and
Actinomycets
• The reduction in pH: the production of organic acids
• TDS and BOD reduction: decomposition of organic matter.
• An increasing trend
+ Salinity of leachate
Jaggery is the best activator of EM-compost
+ Conductivity and Dissolved Oxygen
• -A steady decrease in Non EM organisms are seen due to the killing
A method of waste disposal at a low cost
effect of Non EM bmicroflora by EM organisms.
• Lactobacillus, Actinomyces and yeast populations almost doubled
within 14 days compared to control
• The number of coliforms decreased to less than 3 cells/100ml which
is proved beneficial.
• All the parameters attained its peak value on 14th Day of
decomposition process by samples inoculated with jaggery AEM.
THANKS FOR YOUR
ATTENTION