BEEE101L

Basic Electrical Engineering

S. Meikandasivam
Source Transformation
Mesh (Loop) Analysis - KVL

By
Dr. S. Meikandasivam
SELECT, VIT University,
Vellore, India
Procedure
• In the given circuit, Convert all the current sources into the
voltage sources if possible
• Find out the number of closed loops
• Consider the clockwise current flow direction in all the loops
• Frame current equations on each loop using KVL and solve it.
 Mesh (Loop) Analysis - KVL
B
- Loop ADCA, Matrix Method
6 +
4 Apply KVL,
+ + - - - 10 + 3(I1 – I2) + (I1 – I3) = 0 [R][I] = [V]
A C
I2 5 - 10 + 3I1 - 3I2 + I1 – I3 = 0
- - + I3 + 4I1 – 3I2 – I3 = 10 R11 R12 R13 I 1 V1
+ -
+ Loop ABDA, R21 R22 R23 I2 = V2
-
3 - + 1 Apply KVL, R31 R32 R33 I 3 V3
D 6I2 + 5(I2 – I3) + 3(I2 – I1) = 0
I1
6I2 + 5I2 – 5I3 + 3I2 – 3I1 = 0 4 -3 -1 I1 10
+ - – 3I1 + 14I2 – 5I3 = 0 - 3 14 - 5 I2 = 0
10 V Loop BCDB, - 1 -5 10 I3 0
3 Loops Apply KVL,
Loop ADCA 4I3 + (I3 – I1) + 5(I3 – I2) = 0 On solving this matrix,
Loop ABDA 4I3 + I3 – I1 + 5I3 – 5I2 = 0
Loop BCDB – I1 – 5I2 + 10I3 = 0 I1 = 3.528 A;
3 Loops – 3 currents I1, I2, I3 – all in clockwise direction. I2 = 1.074 A;
I3 = 0.890 A .
 0.890 A
6 Since all calculated currents having +ive sign,
4
0.184 A

considered current flow direction is correct.

1.074 A
5 I1 = 3.528 A;
2.454 A
I2 = 1.074 A;
I3 = 0.890 A ;
3 1
2.638 A
I5 ohms = 1.074 – 0.890 = 0.184 A
3.528 A
I3 ohms = 3.528 - 1.074 = 2.454 A
I1 ohms = 3.528 – 0.890 = 2.638 A
10
 Nodal Analysis - KCL
B Node A, Matrix Method
6 Apply KCL,
4
VA  VB VA  VD
6

3
4 [G][V] = [I]
A 5 C
1 1 1 1
   VA  VB  VD  4
 6 3 6 3 G11 G12 G13 VA I1
Node B, G21 G22 G23 VB = I2
3 1 Apply KCL, G31 G32 G33 VD I3
VB  VA VB  VC VB  VD
D    0 ___ VC  0  1 1 1 1 
6 4 5 6  3 
6

3  V   4
1 1 1 1 1   A
 VA      VB  VD  0  1 1 1 1
  
1    
VB  0
6 6 4 5 5  6 6 4 5 5    
4A 
 1 1
 V   0 
1 1 1  D   
Node D,  3
  
5 5 3 1 
Apply KCL,
4 Nodes VD  VA VD  VB VD  VC On solving this matrix,
   0 ___ VC  0 
Node C is a reference node 3 5 1
And has 0 potential 1 1  1 1 1
 VA  VB     VD  0 VA = 11.393 V;
3 5  3 5 1
VB = 4.052 V;
Total 4 Nodes – 1 is reference + 3 node voltages VA, VB, VD –
VD = 2.987 V .
with respect to Node C (Reference).