Paper I Unit 1.4.

1
DATA REPRESENTATION
 Number Systems

Binary
Denary

What number system do we follow in our

daily life?

Octal
Hexadecimal
 Denary Number System
• A denary number has a base of 10
hence called denary.
• It consists of ten digits : 0 – 9

• Each digit in a base ten number

system represent’s a place value
like units, tens, hundred etc as
shown in the figure

• These values represent powers of

the base number i.e. 10
 Binary Number System
• Binary number system is used by virtually all
the digital systems

• It is base 2 system and consists of only two

digits : 0 & 1

• This number system is important for all the

microprocessor based systems.
 Binary words
• Bit : A bit is a single binary digit. It can be
either 0 or 1.

• Nibble : A group of 4 bits is called a nibble.

•
• Byte : A group of 8 bits is called a Byte

• Word : A group of 16 bits is called a word.

CONVERSION BETWEEN
BINARY AND DENARY
 Denary to Binary
• Divide the denary number by 2 until you get
a 0 as quotient.

• Write the remainders in the reverse order to

obtain the Binary equivalent of the denary
number.
 Denary to Binary

• (152)10 to ()2 Divisor Quotient Remainder

2 152
2 76 0
2 38 0
2 19 0
2 9 1
2 4 1
2 2 0
2 1 0
2 0 1
= (10011000)2
 Basic rule
While converting a denary number to any
other number system we should :

• Divide the denary number by the base of the

number system to which it is to be
converted.

• Division is continued till we get zero as a

quotient.
Exercise
Convert the following numbers
from Denary to Binary number
system:

1. 456
2. 87
3. 99
4. 56
5. 1734
Binary to Denary
Binary Number Representation
• Like the denary
numbers, each
digit of a binary
number signifies
some power of its
base i.e. 2.

• Figure shows the

bit positions of a
binary number
 Binary to Denary
• To convert given binary number to denary :

• Multiply the bit value with its corresponding

bit position value .

• Add the product of each place to obtain the

denary value.
Binary to Denary
Exercise
Convert the following numbers
from Binary to Denary number
system:

1. 101010
2. 11001
3. 00101
4. 111001
5. 1001
Representing Characters in Binary
form
• Computer follows only the binary language
consisting of 0 & 1.

• Hence representing alphabets and special

symbols require special consideration.

• They can’t be stored as characters, but need to

be converted to numeric values.
 Standards for representation
• Various standards are used to represent characters. Few of
the commonly used are:

• ASCII – American Standard Code for Information

Interchange

• EBCDIC – Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange

Code

• UNICODE – Universal Code

 ASCII
• ASCII is a code for representing
English characters as numbers,
with each letter assigned a
number from 0 to 127.

• For example, the ASCII code

for uppercase M is 77.

• Most computers use ASCII codes

to represent text, which makes it
possible to transfer data from one
computer to another.
 ASCII
• The standard ASCII character set uses just
7 bits for each character.

• There are several larger character sets that use 8

bits, which gives them 128 additional characters.

• The extra characters are used to represent non-

English characters, graphics symbols, and
mathematical symbols.
 EBCDIC
• EBCDIC is an IBM code
for representing characters
as numbers.

• Although it is widely used

on large IBM computers,
most other computers,
including PCs and Macinto
shes, use ASCII codes.
 UNICODE
• Unlike ASCII, which uses 7 bits for each
character, Unicode uses 16 bits,
• It can represent more than 65,000 unique
characters.
• It is necessary for some other languages, such
as Greek, Chinese and Japanese
Next topic

Data types