Basics of Fire Fighting

Worldwide Statistics on Fire

• Every year hundreds of thousand of fires

occur resulting to tens of thousand of
people being killed and many other suffer
horrible injuries from fires.
• Not everyone who die is killed by the
flames, over 60 percent of those who die
are overcome by smoke and fumes which
can kill within a very short time of a fire
starting.
 WHAT IS COMBUSTION ?
Combustion is a chemical reaction
producing both heat and light
The Fire Triangle

Oxygen Heat
O2 °C

Combustible
Material
 THE CLASSIFICATIONS OF FIRE

THERE ARE FOUR CLASSES OF FIRE:

 Class - A (fires involving “solid material”
normally of an organic nature like wood, paper,
cloth, rubber and some plastics).
 Class – B (fires involving flammable liquids and
gases like gasoline, kerosene, jet fuel, butane and
propane).
 Class – C (electrical fires).
 Class - D (fires that occur in combustible
metals like magnesium, titanium and sodium). D
Methods of Extinguishing Fire

• Starvation
• Smothering
• Cooling
3 ways of Extinguishing Fire by Starvation

1. By removing combustible material from

the neighborhood of the fire, such as the
transfer of fuel from the burning oil tank,
closing the valve on the gas or fuel line.
2. By removing material on fire from the
neighborhood of combustible material,
e.g. isolating the burning material from
the one safe nearby.
3. To subdivide the burning material to
small- sized isolated fires to break
continuity.
Color Coding and Identification

COLOR CONTENTS
RED WATER/CO2

CREAM OR FOAM
WHITE
BLUE DRY CHEMICAL
POWDER
BLACK CARBON DIOXIDE
Water Fire Extinguisher

•Size : 9 liters (2 gal)

•Duration : 60-90 sec
•Range : 8 ft (max)
or 2.5 m (max)
Dry Chemical Powder

Size : ranging from

4.5 – 13.5 kg.
• Duration : 15- 40
sec
• Range : 3 to 4
meters
CO2 Fire Extinguisher

• Size : 1.5 - 7.5

kg.
• Duration : 10-
30 sec
• Range : 2
meters
Foam Extinguisher

• Size : 9 liters
(2 gal)
• Duration : 60-
90 sec
• Range : 5m or
3m (max)
Type CO2 Foam Dry
Water
Powder
Colour

D
 HOW TO USE THE FIRE
EXTINGUISHER

CHECK THE GAUGE

ACME FIRE
EXTINGUISHER
 HOW TO USE THE FIRE
EXTINGUISHER
Continued

PULL THE PIN

ACME FIRE
EXTINGUISHER
 HOW TO USE THE FIRE
EXTINGUISHER
Continued

SQUEEZE THE TRIGGER

WHILE HOLDING
THE EXTINGUISHER
UPRIGHT. ACME FIRE
EXTINGUISHER
 HOW TO USE THE FIRE
EXTINGUISHER

AIM THE EXTINGUISHER AT THE

BASE OF THE FLAME.
SWEEP SIDE TO SIDE.

IMPORTANT

Never put yourself in

any danger.
Maintain a distance
from the fire.
Practical Demonstration

AT

Fire Ground