OWA200004 WCDMA Radio Resource Management ISSUE 1.1

WCDMA Radio
Resource
Management (RRM)
www.huawei.com
Copyright © 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Contents
1. Introduction to RRM
2. Channel Configuration
3. Power Control
4. Mobility Management
5. AMR Mode Control
Copyright © 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page2
Contents
3. Power Control
5. AMR Mode Control
Introduction to RRM
 RRM: Radio Resource Management
 RRM is responsible for supplying optimum coverage, offering the
maximum planned capacity, guaranteeing the required quality of service
(QoS) and ensuring efficient use of physical and transport resources.
 Power is the ultimate radio resource. The best way to utilize the radio
resource is to control the power consumption strictly.
 Increasing the transmission power of a certain user can improve his QoS.
 However, due to the self-interference, the increasing would result in more
interference on other users and consequently reduce the receiving QoS.
Procedure of RRM
 Fundamental procedure of radio resource management
 Measurement control
 measurement
 UE, NodeB, RNC
 Measurement report
 Judgment
 Execution
Contents
3. Power Control
5. AMR Mode Control
Contents
2.1 Fundamental channel configuration
2.2 Dynamic channel configuration
Fundamental Channel Configuration
 Objective: mapping the RAB QoS features requested to distribute appropriate
channel
 QoS requested by CN
 Traffic Classes
 Conversational
 Streaming
 Interactive
 Background
 Rate demand
 Quality demand (BLER)
 Time delay
QoS Mapping
RAB
．．．RB RB Radio Bearers
RLC entity RLC Sublayer
DTCH DTCH DCCH DTCH Logical Channels
MAC Sublayer
Mac-d Mac-c
TrCH Transport Channels
TrCH TrCH TrCH
Coding& RM&Mux Coding& RM&Mux Physical Layer

CCTrCH
DPDCH DPCCH
RB and RLC Parameter Configuration
 RB parameters
 RB number
 RLC parameters
 Different RLC transfer modes
 transparent mode (TM)
 Unacknowledged mode (UM)
 Acknowledged mode (AM)
 Different logic channel parameters
MAC Parameter Configuration
 MAC parameters
 The mapping/multiplexing relation between logic channel and transport
channel
 Different types and parameters of transport channel
 Dedicated channel
 Common channel
 Different configurations of MAC entity
 MAC-d/MAC-c
 Priority configuration of MAC sub layer
 TFCS configuration
PHY Parameter Configuration
 PHY parameters
 Mapping relation from transport channel to physical channel
 Channel Coding scheme
 Convolutional code
 Turbo code
 Non
 Interleaving length
 Rate matching attribute
 Spreading factor (SF)
 Power offset
 Other physical channel parameters, such as diversity mode, etc.
Contents
2.1 Fundamental channel configuration
2.2 Dynamic channel configuration
DCCC: Dynamic Channel
Configuration Control
 Object of DCCC: Best Effort (BE) service
 Features of BE service
 rate of service source changes largely
 Less demand on time delay
 More demand on bit error rate
Dynamic Channel Configuration
DL Transport Channel Traffic Volume
Configuration in L2
Signaling bearer
Threshold
RLC RLC
MAC-d DCCH DTCH
Channel
ChannelSwitching
Switching
TFC
TFCSelect
Select
DCH1 DCH2
Decision of DCCC
 Decision of DCCC
 Measurement report on traffic volume of RLC Buffer
 Decide whether to change the bandwidth used by UE dynamically
based on the measurement result.
 Consider whether there is limitation on air interface during the
decision of reconfiguration.
The uplink & downlink DCCC decisions are the same,

but are executed respectively.
Effect of DCCC
rate System capacity
Traditional channel
configuration
Rate of service source
DCCC
Time
Achieve “bandwidth on demand”
Contents
3. Power Control
5. AMR Mode Control
Near-far effect in CDMA
user B
Received
power from user A
user A
A B
Received P() P() P()
power from
user B
  
Transmission
Received power Transmission power of user A
by NodeB power of user A P()
P()

Despreading  The user B is submerged
The user A can communicate because of strong interference
successfully from user A
Classification of Power Control
 Power Control
 Uplink power control
 Open loop power control
 Closed loop power control
– Inner loop power control
– Outer loop power control
 Downlink power control

 Open loop power control
 Closed loop power control
– Inner loop power control
– Outer loop power control
Open Loop Power Control for DPCH
power
Convergence of inner loop

power control
time
 Accurately calculate initial power

transmitting power of inner
loop needed to lessen the time
of convergence
 Reduce the impact on system
load time
Open Loop Power Control for PRACH
BCH: CPICH channel power
UL interference level
RACH
NodeB UE
Uplink Closed Loop Power Control
Measure&compare
SIR of received signal
Inner loop
Transmit TPC
Set SIRtar
NodeB UE
1500Hz
BLER--SIR
Different curves
correspond with
different multi-
BLER path environment
SIR
Uplink Closed Loop Power Control
Measure BLER of
transport channel
Measure&compare BLER
Traffic data with of received data Measure&compare
steady BLER can
SIR of received signal
be acquired
Outer loop Inner loop
Set BLERtar Transmit TPC

Set SIRtar
10-100Hz
RNC NodeB UE
Downlink Power Control
Measure and compare BLER
UE Layer 3
1500Hz 10-100Hz
Outer
loop Set SIRtar
Transmit TPC
Inner loop UE physical layer
Measure and compare SIR

NodeB
Downlink inner loop and outer loop power control
Contents
3. Power Control
5. AMR Mode Control
UE Working Modes and states
 Idle mode
 Connected mode
 Cell_DCH
 Cell_FACH
 Cell_PCH
 URA_PCH
 Idle Mode
 The UE has no relation to UTRAN, only to CN. For data transfer, a signalling
connection has to be established
 UE camps on a cell
 It enables the UE to receive system information from the PLMN
 UE can establish an RRC connection, it can do this by initially accessing the
network on the control channel of the cell on which it is camped
 UE can receive "paging" message from PCH
 The idle mode tasks can be subdivided into three processes
 PLMN selection and reselection
 Cell selection and reselection
 Location registration
 Connected Mode – Cell_DCH

 In active state
 Communicating via its dedicated channels
 UTRAN knows the cell in which UE is located.
 Connected Mode - Cell-FACH

 In active state
 Few data to be transmitted both in uplink and in downlink.
There is no need to allocate dedicated channel for this UE
 Downlink uses FACH and uplink uses RACH
 UE need to monitor the FACH for its relative information
 UTRAN knows the cell in which UE is located
 Connected Mode – Cell_PCH

 No data to be transmitted or received
 DRX (discontinuous reception) monitor PICH, to re
ceive its paging
 lower the power consumption of UE
 UTRAN knows the cell in which UE is located
 UTRAN have to update cell information of UE when
UE roams to another cell
 Connected Mode – URA_PCH

 No data to be transmitted or received
 DRX monitor PICH
 UTRAN only knows the URA in which UE is located
 UTRAN update UE information only after UE has roamed to
other URA (UE report own new URA by URA update
procedure)
 A better way to lower the resource occupancy
UE states switching - Reduce action ， DTX ， and save power
RRC connection
URA_PCH CELL_PCH
CELL_DCH CELL_FACH
- Dedicated Channel
- Radio bearers Transmission Services
- upper layer Signaling
trigger (CN)
IDLE
- Monitor paging channel
- cell re-selection
DEAD - Scanning networks (PLMN)

- ”Camp on” cell
Hard handover
Data UE “GAP” of communication

received/
sent
Source BS Target BS
UE move time
Soft Handover
Data UE
received No “GAP” of communication
/ sent
Source BS Target BS
UE move time
The Basic Concept of SHO
 Active Set
 Including all cells currently participating in a SHO connection of a UE
 Monitored Set
 Including all cells being continuously monitored by the UE and which
are not current included in its active set
 Detected set
 Including the cells the UE has detected but are neither in the active set
nor in the monitored set
Three Steps of Handover
Measurement Decision
Execute
The Basic Concepts of Measurement
 The measurement values of Handover
 Intra-frequency and inter-frequency: CPICH RSCP 、 CPICH Ec/N0 、 Path loss
 Inter-frequency ： CPICH RSCP 、 CPICH Ec/N0
 Inter-system ： GSM Carrier RSSI ， BSIC Identification ， BSIC Reconfirmation
 The reporting methods of measurement
 Periodic reporting
 Event reporting
 The events of reporting
 Intra-frequency events ： 1A,1B,1C,1D,1F
 Inter-frequency events ： 2D,2F,2B,2C
 Inter-system events ： 3A,3C
 Others ： 6G,6F
Reporting Criterion
 Reporting Criterion
 Decision formula: for example, 1A event :
 1.Path Loss
 NA 
10  LogM New  CIONew  W 10  Log 1 /  (1 / M i )   (1  W ) 10  LogM Best  ( R1a  H1a / 2)
 i 1 
 2.Other measurement quantity ：
 NA 
10  LogM New  CIONew  W 10  Log   M i   (1  W ) 10  LogM Best  ( R1a  H1a / 2)
 i 1 
 Relative threshold, Absolute threshold, Hysteresis, Time to

trigger, CIO
Soft Handover
A △T △T △T
CPICH
Ec/No Reporting
Range
Hyst
1A Event 1B Event Not

triggered
Application of Hard Handover in 3G
 Intra-frequency hard handover
 When inter-RNC SHO can’t be executed or is not allowed
 Inter-frequency hard handover

 Needed in certain areas due to network planning
 Load balance between frequencies
 Inter-RAT handover
 2G-3G smooth evolution
 The finite coverage range of initial phase of 3G
Compressed Mode
Objective of compressed mode: for UE to realize measurement and

synchronization to target cell when inter-frequency handover and inter-
system handover is required
Classification of Compressed Mode
 Downlink compressed mode
 To create time for UE’s measurement and synchronization.
 2 optional schemes -- SF/2,higher layer scheduling
 Uplink compressed mode

 To avoid the interference on its own downlink measurement and
synchronization when UE is measuring certain target frequency or RAT
 2 optional schemes -- SF/2, higher layer scheduling
SRNS(C) Relocation
CN CN
SRNS DRNS RNS SRNS
 Advantage of SRNS relocation

 Reducing data flow on Iur interface
 Improving the system’s adaptability.
 Reducing the time delay
 Problem of SRNS Relocation: a large amount of signaling is needed to interact.
Contents
3. Power Control
5. AMR Mode Control
AMR Coding
 WCDMA system uses Adaptive Multi-Rate (AMR) speech code,
which is linear prediction coding
Rate Sub-flow 1 Sub-flow 2 Sub-flow 3 Combination rate
no. block size block size block size block size （kbps）
（bit）（bit）（bit）（bit）
0 0 0 0 0 No data
1 39 0 0 39 SID
2 42 53 0 95 4.75
3 49 54 0 103 5.15
4 55 63 0 118 5.9
5 58 76 0 134 6.7
6 61 87 0 148 7.4
7 75 84 0 159 7.95
8 65 99 40 204 10.2
9 81 103 60 244 12.2
Features of AMR speech: MOS-CIR
AMR Mode Control
 AMR mode control is to weigh the load level, and:
 Reduce AMR speech rate on heavy load condition, thus reduce the
system load and improve speech quality relatively
 Increase AMR speech rate on light load condition, thus improve QoS
 Reducing of AMR speech rate can widen the uplink coverage

effectively
 The AMR speech mode control can be done every 20ms
Thank you
www.huawei.com

OWA200004 WCDMA Radio Resource Management ISSUE 1.1

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WCDMA Radio

Copyright © 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

5. AMR Mode Control

5. AMR Mode Control

5. AMR Mode Control

2.2 Dynamic channel configuration

．．．RB RB Radio Bearers

RLC entity RLC Sublayer

DTCH DTCH DCCH DTCH Logical Channels

Coding& RM&Mux Coding& RM&Mux Physical Layer

 Different logic channel parameters

2.2 Dynamic channel configuration

MAC-d DCCH DTCH

The uplink & downlink DCCC decisions are the same,

rate System capacity

Rate of service source

Achieve “bandwidth on demand”

5. AMR Mode Control

 Downlink power control

Convergence of inner loop

 Accurately calculate initial power

Outer loop Inner loop

Set BLERtar Transmit TPC

Inner loop UE physical layer

Measure and compare SIR

5. AMR Mode Control

 Connected Mode – Cell_DCH

 Connected Mode - Cell-FACH

 Connected Mode – Cell_PCH

 Connected Mode – URA_PCH

DEAD - Scanning networks (PLMN)

Data UE “GAP” of communication

 Relative threshold, Absolute threshold, Hysteresis, Time to

1A Event 1B Event Not

 Inter-frequency hard handover

Objective of compressed mode: for UE to realize measurement and

 Uplink compressed mode

SRNS DRNS RNS SRNS

 Advantage of SRNS relocation

5. AMR Mode Control

 Reducing of AMR speech rate can widen the uplink coverage

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