Overview of the cvs

5/6/22 09:37 AM 2
Veins
Arteries=>arterioles=>capillaries=>venules=>veins
 The heart
• The heart is a muscular double pump with two
functions:
1) Its right side receives oxygen-poor blood from the
body tissues and then pumps this blood to the lungs
to pick up oxygen and dispel carbon dioxide, and
2) its left side receives the oxygenated blood
returning from the lungs and pumps this blood
throughout the body to supply oxygen and nutrients
to the body tissues
• Pulmonary circulation
• Systemic circulation
Location of the heart
• The heart lies in the thorax
posterior to the sternum
and costal cartilages and
rests on the superior
surface of the diaphragm.
• Has 4 borders, a base, an
apex
Surfaces –
• sternocosatl surface
( anterior surface)
• Diaphragmatic surface
• Heart located – in
the middle
mediastinum in
between the two
lungs/plural cavities
5/6/22 09:37 AM 10
STERNOCOSTAL SURFACE
• Has 4 chambers
• 1) RA
• 2) RV
• 3) LA
• 5) LV
5/6/22 09:37 AM 12
5/6/22 09:37 AM 13
5/6/22 09:37 AM 14
5/6/22 09:37 AM 15
5/6/22 09:37 AM 16
5/6/22 09:37 AM 17
DIAPHRAGMATIC SURFACE
HEART CHAMBERS
5/6/22 09:37 AM 20
5/6/22 09:37 AM 21
HEART VALVES
Areas on the thoracic surface where heart
sounds are heard most clearly.
THE PULMONARY CIRCULATION
5/6/22 09:37 AM 25
 Although the heart’s inherent rate of
contraction is set by the SA node, this rate
can be altered by extrinsic neural controls.
• The nerves to the heart consist of visceral
sensory fibers, parasympathetic fibers
that slow heart rate, and sympathetic
fibers that increase the rate and force of
heart contractions.
• The parasympathetic nerves arise as
branches of the vagus nerve in the neck
and thorax, whereas
• the sympathetic nerves travel to the heart
from the cervical and upper thoracic chain
ganglia (
5/6/22 09:37 AM 27
CONDUCTING SYSTEM OF THE HEART
• Although the heart is
filled with blood, the
heart walls are too thick
to obtain much nutrition
by diffusion from this
contained blood.
• Instead, blood supply to
the muscular walls and
tissues of the heart is
delivered by the right and
left coronary arteries
• Cardiac veins, which carry
deoxygenated blood from
the heart wall into the
right atrium, also occupy
the sulci on the heart
surface.
• The largest of these veins,
the coronary sinus,
occupies the posterior
part of the coronary
sulcus and returns almost
all the venous blood from
the heart to the right
atrium.
 THE SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION
• MAJOR ARTERIES OF THE BODY
`
Arteries of the head and neck
Arteries of the thorax and right upper limb

• Subclavian aa
• Axillary aa
• Brachial aa
• Ulnar and radial
aa
Major branches of the abdominal aorta
Arteries of the pelvis and lower limb
Systemic Veins
Lympatic system
THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
• Slightly more fluid exits from the arteriole end
of each capillary bed than reenters the blood at
the venule end.
• The lymphatic vessels function to collect this
excess tissue fluid from the loose connective
tissue around blood capillaries and return it to
the bloodstream.
• Once inside the lymphatic vessels, this fluid is
called lymph
• Any blockage of the lymphatic vessels causes
the affected body region to swell with excess
tissue fluid, a condition called edema
• Blood proteins leak slowly but steadily from
blood capillaries into the surrounding tissue
fluid, and the lymphatic vessels return these
leaked proteins to the bloodstream.
• Recall that the proteins in blood generate
osmotic forces that are essential for keeping
water in the bloodstream
Interstitial space=>lympahtic
capillaries=> lympahatic
vessles=> lymphatic trunk=>
lymphatic duct
5/6/22 09:37 AM 46