Dept. of Business Law - Webinar - 26th - June.2021

Emerging Business Laws
New Horizon of Opportunities
Mr. V. Lakshmi Kumaran

Managing Partner
exceeding expectations
SINCE 1985 W W W. L A K S H M I S R I . C O M
Transformation of Traditional Businesses
Traditional Businesses New/Emerging Businesses

• Businesses which have failed to adopt technology have suffered
• Now TECHNOLOGY enabling transition from traditional businesses to new/
emerging businesses
• Even if offerings remain same, underlying driver is technology
• Advent of technology, innovative concepts has transformed the face of busi-
nesses
• Law governing businesses also undergo drastic changes
• Opportunities galore to lawyers who understand and embrace technology
© 2021 | Lakshmikumaran & Sridharan S T R I C T LY | 2

Examples of Transitioning/Emerging Businesses
Brick & Mortar shops > E-commerce Cable TV/ Cinemas > OTT Platforms
Taxis > Cab aggregator Apps Restaurants > Food Delivery Apps

Examples of Transitioning/Emerging Businesses
Physical banking > E Banking Courts > Virtual hearings
Physical > Virtual Meetings Farm > Smart Farms

Snapshot of the Expansion in Laws
> Erstwhile Taxation Law > GST

> Foreign Exchange Regulation > FEMA, PMLA, Black Money
(undisclosed Foreign Income and
Act, 1973 Assets) and Imposition of Tax Act,
> Weights and Measures Act, Technological 2015
1985 Advancement > Legal Metrology Act, 2009
> Companies Act, 1956 > Companies Act, 2013
> MRTP Act, 1969 > Competition Act, 2002
> Telegraph Act, 1883 & Changing Business > Information Technology Act,
> Sale of Goods Act, 1930 2000 and Rules
Methods > Privacy Laws (PDP Bill, 2019)
> Indian Contract Act, 1872
> New FDI Norms
> Product Liability

…contd.
> Provincial Insolvency Act, 1920 > Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016
> Securitization and > Environmental Laws
Reconstruction of Financial > Real Estate (Regulation and Develop-
Assets and Enforcement of ment) Act, 2016
Security Interest Act, 2002 > Consumer Protection Act, 2019
> Recovery of Debts & Technological > New Labor Codes
Bankruptcy Act, 1993 > Commercial Courts Act, 2015
Advancement > Right to Fair Compensation and Trans-
> Consumer Protection Act,
1986 parency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilita-
> Industrial disputes Act, 1947 tion and Resettlement Act, 2013
> Payment of Wages Act, 1936 & Changing > WTO Agreement and International Trade
(DSB in Geneva)
> Employee State Insurance Business > Appointment of Regulatory/ Appellate
Act, 1948
Authorities -TRAI, DGCA, DGH Appel-
> Payment of Gratuity Act, Methods late Authority
1972 > Special Chemicals, Organisms, Materi-
> Insurance Act, 1938 als, Equipment and Technologies. (S-
> Land Acquisition Act, 1894 COMET)
New face of the traditional Businesses
• Let us take five examples of some traditional businesses and see how they
have transformed with time:
Examples of Transitioning
Businesses
Agriculture Media & Legal Prac-

E-Commerce Sports
Sector Content tice

AGRICULTURE
8
Changing Face of Agriculture
Newer methods of spraying insecticides/ pesticides

From Field to Phones – Technology as driver in Agriculture
• Agricultural drones
• Satellite photography
• IoT-based sensor networks/soil moisture sensors
• Geo-tagging of seeds
• Weather forecasting using computing algorithms
• Automated irrigation – reduces wastages of water
and energy
• Intelligent software analysis for pest and disease
prediction, soil management and other involved
analytical tasks
• Biotech for new and better seeds
• Hydroponics/soilless farming technology

Changing Legal Landscape for Agriculture
• Growth of AGRITECH and BIOTECHNOLOGY in Agriculture, a variety of
laws become relevant :
A. FARM LAWS: Farmers’ Produce Trade and Commerce (Promotion and Facili-
tation) Ordinance, 2020 – intended to facilitate remunerative prices through
competitive alternative trading channels and for electronic trading.
B. LAWS RELATING TO DRONES - National Drone Policy, 2018 and Un-
manned Aircraft System Rules, 2020 will have an impact on the usage of
drones for agricultural purposes. Will regulate the possession, import, manufac-
ture, trade, operation, maintenance or transfer a UAS in India.
• Focus is on increasing the benefit which may be provided to the farmers

Changing Legal Landscape for Agriculture
C. BIOTECHNOLOGY LAWS
GMOs and use of genetic materials - Compliance with National Seed Policy, 2002,
Seeds Act, 1966, Destructive Insects and Pests Act, 1914, Biological Diversity Act.
Compliance with the Biosafety Rules.
D. DATA PRIVACY LAWS :
"Smart farming" is an emerging concept that refers to managing farms using tech-
nologies like IoT, robotics, drones and AI to increase the quantity and quality of
products while optimizing the human labor required by production. Use of AI Pow-
ered tools for soil scanning, IoT sensors may all give rise to Data Privacy Issues.

E-Commerce &
Aggregator
Apps

Technological Innovations influenced by Aggregator Apps
• Aggregation of service providers and customers

• E-commerce apps like Amazon act as marketplace
aggregators connecting multiple sellers to a wide
consumer network
• Cab Aggregating Apps like Uber help connect
drivers to commuters
• Food Aggregators like Zomato act as platforms
where restaurants and cloud kitchens can connect
with prospective customers

Aggregator Apps impacting everyday lives
• Aggregator Apps have resulted in a higher consumption of daily data by con-

sumers and led to an increased demand of high speed data transfers through
mobile networks and broadband
• Have allowed consumers to have more choice and information about goods
and services
• Streamlined and evolved supply chain models.
• Companies can be increasing profitable without load of physical assets e.g.
Uber

Changing Legal Landscape
• Government to have a policy vision to regulate e-commerce sector

• Technological Advancements have resulted in amendments to consumer protec-
tion laws, intermediary liability laws, FDI laws etc.
• New legislations to be implemented to protect the privacy of users
• Overhaul in the role of sectoral regulators like Competition Commission, TRAI,
Tax Authorities
• Governments seek to regulate and tax internet based companies for profits earned
from consumers in their sovereign territories
• Aggregator companies engaging in vertical integration raising anti-trust concerns.

Operations, Labour & Fintech
• Labour Law Compliances relating to minimum wages, social security,

workplace conduct (POSH), new Labour Codes passed by Parliament
• Regulatory Compliances under the Companies Act and related Regulations.
• Fintech regulation and various e-payment models – Wallets, Open/ Closed /
Semi – closed System Payment Instruments
• Profiling Customers basis acquisition of sensitive personal data basis opt-
out consent mechanisms

Product Liability, Competition, IPR
• Anti-Trust issues like exclusive agreements, private labels, search bias etc.
• Compliances under the Consumer Protection (E-commerce) Rules 2020 with
respect to providing information and having proper grievance redressal mech-
anisms in place.
• E Commerce entities to ensure sale of original and non-counterfeit goods
• Sharing/regulating non-personal data impacts copyright and trade secrets
• Product or patent licensing of technologies. software, chips, networks, de-
signs, routers etc.

FDI and Funding
• FDI Policy and sector-specific regulations, investment caps and prohibited

areas of entry
• Prohibition of capital dumping, price control, inventory or vendor control
and discriminatory business models
• Compliance requirements to avoid financial crimes under PMLA and
FEMA.

Some Additional Legal Issues
SECTOR-SPECIFIC

E-commerce aggregators – Legal Issues
• Compliance with FDI norms to set-up marketplace/inventory based e-com-

merce platforms
• Restrictions on vertical integration under FDI laws.
• Anti-Trust issues like exclusive agreements, private labels, search bias etc.
• Profiling Customers basis acquisition of sensitive personal data basis opt-out
consent mechanisms
• Copyright and Trade Secret related IPR issues for data collected
• Compliance requirements to avoid financial crimes under PMLA and FEMA.

Cab Aggregators – Legal Issues
• Have to comply with jurisdictional laws pertaining to cab licensing require-

ments
• Anti-trust issues suggesting bias in ride allocation to preferred partners
• Microfinancing and wallet operations require compliance with fiscal laws
• Data Privacy related compliances as user data points collected and pro-
cessed.
• Intermediary liability in situations which local enforcement may require in-
formation from aggregators.

Future of Aggregation Business
• Provided new economic opportunity to the working class. However application

of labour laws is inadequate.
• Cybersecurity and Privacy concerns are to be addressed by implementation of
new regulations like the Personal Data Protection Bill, 2019 Bill
• Sharing of Non-personal Data – a key policy objective of the Indian Govern-
ment
• Increased scrutiny by Competition regulator following global trends

Sports Law
24
Change in Sports
• Evolution of games from national level to club/local levels

• Best example is IPL
• IPL encapsulates the best of cricket without subjecting viewers to longer
versions of the games
• More dynamic roster changes increases viewer interest
• Collaborates international players onto a single platform
• Different clubs or teams can feature players from different countries
• Competition between members of the national team at club/local levels gener-
ates further interests
Sports Law
Advent of various leagues and the increase in viewership over direct-to-home (DTH) as well as
over-the-top (OTT) platforms is a constant. Sport is regarded as one of the largest industries
worldwide in terms of both employment and revenue.
• Sponsorship & Advertisements by big brands –
• Sponsorship of and advertisement during a sporting event
• Ambush marketing by other competing brands.
• Whether contractual agreements at national teams could conflict with local/club level teams
• Broadcasting and Telecasting Rights
• Anti-doping
• Betting Laws
Sports Law and Evolving Legal Landscape
• Anti-competitive behavior by sporting associations

• Taxation of income accruing from sporting events outside India
• Image Rights and Content Rights under IPR
• Arbitration of sports disputes
• Artificial Intelligence - Use of artificial intelligence and algorithms to enhance
performance, understand weaknesses, and improve decision-making
• Taxation of such sports in India

Media &
Entertainment
28
Media & Entertainment
• Media streaming apps curate television shows, world cinema and live events
for entertainment and internet based viewing
• Media aggregators like Netflix and Hotstar have challenged traditional enter-
tainment services like Cable TV
• Pandemic had limited effect on this sector
• OTT sector in India witnessed a 30% rise in the number of paid subscribers,
from 22.2 million to 29.0 million between March and July 2020 alone – market
current at ~ INR 4500 Crores

Changing Legal Landscape
• OTT media services do not come under existing media, broadcasting or cinemato-
graphic laws
• Government had recently issued the Information Technology (Intermediary Guidelines
and Digital Media Ethics Code) Rules 2021 (Intermediary Rules) to regulate OTT
• Subjects the platform to self-regulation for assessing content
• Provides for an industry body for further regulation

Some Additional Legal Issues
• Intellectual Property issues. Require geographic license to display content in different

territories.
• Have to comply with domestic legislations pertaining to quality ratings/censorship. E.g.
PG13
• Profiling of personal data for targeted advertising – issues pertaining to consent, notice
requirements, purpose limitation etc.
• Controlling viewership by children and handling children data
• No measures to verify age – who would be liable if underage individuals view ma-
ture content
• Intermediary Liability for showing obscene content

Legal Services
and Practice in
India
32
Traditional Practice - Attributes
• Physical presence in chambers
• Physical appearance before Courts
• Face-to-face meeting with clients
• Carrying of books and bulky files to Courts
• Large paper trails and paper records
• Manual operations – example billing, etc.

Digital Dimension of Legal Practice
• With COVID-19, e-filings and virtual hearings are the new normal.
• Paperless offices and proceedings
• Digital access provides access to volumes of legal material with manageable cost burden
• Virtual offices enable providing advisory from anywhere
• Not without challenges:
• Evidence collection, witness testimony etc. seem to create issues.
• Cross-examination, not possible to analyze body language of the witnesses or ex-
perts as during in-person testimony
• Virtual hearings bring new issues of security and confidentiality

Legal Tech
• Legal technology (usually called Legal tech) refers to technologies and soft-
ware that substantially changes the way we use legal services in our daily lives.
• In broader terms, it represents the set of technologies that –
• eases the practice of law for attorneys and legal professionals, and
• enables customers access legal competence or justice.
• Global revenues close to $17.32 Billion and expected to cross $25 Billion.
• Let’s take a closer look at the set of advantages of technology in the law prac-
tice.

Automated Legal Processes
• About 63% tasks are found to be fact-based and repeatable.
• Legal software like word processors and eDiscovery software enable scanning of the docu-
ments for information in an automated manner
• Digital access provides access to volumes of legal material with manageable cost burden
• Business analytic tools/dashboards can position attorneys to provide strategic business as
well as legal solutions
• Virtual offices enable providing advisory from anywhere
• Generating and managing legal documentation
• Some tools can automatically generate standard contracts, legal instruments, etc., based on
specific input criteria

Resource Management
• Scheduling management tools enable professionals to plan their work with ease and
efficiency
• Extensive resource planning for providing maximum client benefit and transparency
in terms of progress
• Reduces possibility of errors in processes, missed dates, etc.
• Increase in efficiency
• Better client experience
• Direct access for client to their dockets
• Immediate updates in case of any developments

Future of Legal Tech
• f

Future of Legal Tech

Legal Issues which may arise
• Legality of smart contracts in India and the liabilities in case of breach.

• Enforceability of Smart contracts under the Information Technology Act and
Indian Contract Act.
• Confidentiality breaches and data security issues.
• Issues relating to data privacy.
• Role of law firms while processing data
• Compliance obligations to be fulfilled by professional practices

Varied Roles of CEO
Supply
and
Distribution
Media Investment
& &
Advertising Company
Cross-
Border
CE Law International
Agreements
Trade O
R&D,
Taxation
IPR
Data
Commitments
Sanctions Privacy, to
Cyber shareholders
Law
Legal Obligations
• Investment – FEMA, FDI Policies, FCRA

• Anti-Corruption and Money Laundering – PMLA, POCA
• Funding, borrowing , Repayment of Debt – IBC & SARFAESI
• Packaging and Labelling - Drugs & Cosmetics Act, FSSAI, Legal Metrology Laws
• IPR and counterfeiting – Copyright, Trademark, Patents
• Product Quality Standards & Product Liability – Consumer Protection Laws and
Intermediary Liability Rules
• Price Fixing & Business models – Competition Law

Regulatory Obligations
• Labour Laws – Minimum Wages, POSH, Payment of Gratuity, State Insurance,

New Labour Codes
• Registration & Compliances – Taxation laws, Company laws
• Regulation of Data – IT Act, Data Protection Bill, E Commerce Rules
• Fintech and payment systems – RBI Regulations
• Other regulatory frameworks
• FEMA
• SEBI

Tax Compliances
• Legacy/traditional taxation laws

• Sales tax, services tax, customs, excise, etc.
• Have a well-defined process for compliance which is incre-
mentally amended/modified
• GST - New taxation framework with a plethora of issues

GST – Unclear Positions
• Determination of situs to tax Electronic Supply of Services (ESS)

• Classification of goods and services for determination of applicable rate of tax
• Peculiarities in taxing ESS due to extra territorial factors (E.g., Online Informa-
tion and Database Access and Retrieval service received from a service pro-
vider located abroad), etc
• Online information database access and retrieval services (OIDAR)
• Place of supply
• Payment of IGST
• Non Taxable Online Recipient

Different Laws, Different Challenges
Customs law and Foreign Trade Policy –

• Export subsidy schemes
• WTO agreements
• Free Trade Agreements
• Tariff barriers
• Anti-dumping and safeguard duties
• Regulation of Special Chemicals, Organisms, Materials, Equipment and Tech-
nologies (SCOMET) items, restriction or prohibition of import or export of cer-
tain items like Drones (unmanned aircrafts), etc.
Different Laws, Different Challenges
Income tax
• Transfer Pricing and Equalization Levy – Place of Effective Management
(POEM)
• Significant Economic Presence (SEP)
• Permanent Establishment (PE)
• Treaties and Multi-Lateral Instruments (MLIs)
• Benchmarking study for Transfer Pricing
• OECD’s Base Erosion and Profit Shifting - Action Plans (BEPS-AP), Retalia-
tory Sanctions by countries, etc.
Other Key Transitioning Business Segments
Space Industry in India
• India's space industry is predominantly driven by the na-

tional Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO)
• Current global space industry market is estimated to be
USD 360B
• Indian space economy is valued at USD 7B
• ISRO has been encouraging PPP in the Indian space sector
- component manufacturing and satellite Assembly, Inte-
gration, Testing
• Huge opportunities for the commercialization of the
ground operations like satellite broadband gateways and
5G backhauling
India’s unique leveraging position
• Indian space program considered as one of the most cost-

effective in the world
• Global recognition for launching lunar probes,
building satellites, transporting foreign satellites and has
even succeeded in reaching Mars
• India has their own launch vehicles: Geosynchronous
Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV) and Polar Satellite
Launch Vehicle (PSLV)
• Large base of SMEs – supply parts and components for
satellite and launch vehicle manufacturing
• ISRO has adopted public private partnership (PPP) policies

Legal Issues
• Management of space traffic and commercial space flights

• Use of space satellites for communication
• Spectrum management
• Outer space taxation
• Management/responsibility for space debris
• Non-functional satellites
• Outer space taxation
• Business activities aboard space station by organizations
• What constitutes business presence (arising due to positioning of satellites)
Telecommunications & IT
Opportunities Challenges
• Better infrastructure, higher efficiency • IPR and Standard Essential Patents
• The 5G network and its impact • Standardization of technologies and in-
• ITES and applications – Cloud com- teroperability concerns
puting, IoT • Standard Essential Patents – licensing
• Automation and consolidating technologies with
complex, voluminous technical stand-
ards

Education
• India has the world’s largest population of about

500 million in the age bracket of 5-24 years
• Education sector in India was estimated at US$
101.1 billion in FY19.
• New EdTech companies are coming up with
‘smart classes’ that can provide comprehensive
solutions to institutions and help all the academic
stakeholders
• Pandemic has seen an increase in such services

Education
• Classes conducted over digital platform

• New education paradigm likely to lead to certain is-
sues:
• Privacy (particularly of children)
• Unauthorized use of IP by institutions in terms
of ‘research’
• Use of cloud technology – may result in territo-
rial license violation
• Anti Trust Issues: Abusing of dominant position
in the relevant market and imposing predatory
pricing by educational/ coaching institutions.
Banking / E-Banking
• Indian banking system very extensive:

• 12 public sector banks
• 22 private sector banks
• 46 foreign banks
• 56 regional rural banks
• 1485 urban cooperative banks and
• 96,000 rural cooperative banks in addition to
cooperative credit institutions.
• Total number of ATMs in India increased to
209,282 in 2020
Banking / E-Banking
• India continues to witness growth in the use of e-wallets and regularized cur-
rencies has raised multiple new legal issues-
• IBC and its impact on repayment of debts offered by banks (financial cred-
itors).
• Cloud computing in e-banking systems - Security and Privacy Risks
• Cyber crimes – Internet Banking frauds, IPC and implications under In-
formation Technology Act
• Acceptance of cryptocurrency etc. as a means of exchange and regularisa-
tion by RBI

Transport
• Technology is poised to transform transportation
• Positively impact society and the environment
• The transportation sector must accordingly adapt to shifts in trade, en-
ergy, and funding sources that affect all modes of transportation.
• Driverless cars and automated systems – Accidents and liability
under criminal law. Issues relating to data privacy and cyber secu-
rity.
• Emission of gases, impact on Environment and need to sharply
curb greenhouse gas emissions to slow the rate of climate change
• E-cars and charging stations and its impact on Electricity Laws
• Need for upgradation of infrastructure (roads, bridges, ports, wa-
terways, airports)

Real Estate
• Compliance with building norms, evolving environment and

quality protection standards (Floor Area Ratio, certification
from town planning/ municipal authorities)
• New forms of property rights/ – Timeshare - a form of (owner-
ship?) of property for limited periods of time, challenging exist-
ing notions of ownership in perpetuity.
• Understanding town planning policies and intangible rights of
developers and their exploitation (Floor Space Index)
• Restructuring bad debts
• Multiple Dispute Resolution Mechanisms involving residential
property purchasers – RERA, Consumer Protection Authority,
NCLT, Arbitration/ Civil Proceeding
International Trade
• Interpretation of WTO Agreement, Free Trade Agreements, Bilateral Investment Treaty (BIT)
• Dispute settlement mechanisms in International Trade – Forum shopping v. Forum selection
• Issues relating to International Trade:
• Actions taken against dumping (selling at an unfairly low price)
• Subsidies and special “countervailing” duties to offset the subsidies
• Emergency measures to limit imports temporarily, designed to “safeguard
• Sanctions
• Non-tariff barrier
• Market Access
• Tariff wars
• Export controls
Overcoming
Challenges
60
Legal Practice in the Technology Age
• Increasing business complexities have increased compliance levels of an organ-

ization
• Responsibility of the organization and stakeholders have increased many folds
• As role of technology increases further, understanding the legal risks will re-
quire an understanding of the underlying technology
• Technology cannot be considered in isolation from law
• Lawyers should understand complex technologies in different fields

What needs to be done?
• Law graduates are at the dawn of a new age

• Technology and economics are equally important for
practicing law
• Technology should be adopted as part of law curriculum
• Will enable lawyers to understand and apply tech-
nology while handling matters
• Enable them to understand complex business meth-
ods
• Along with emerging businesses will give rise to Emerg-
ing and Successful lawyer
YOU ARE
AT THE RIGHT
PLACE,
AT THE RIGHT TIME
FUTURE IS YOURS

Committed to International Standards in Information Security LOCATIONS
NEW DELHI KOLKATA

Lsdel@lakshmisri.com Lskolkata@lakshmisri.com
MUMBAI CHANDIGARH
Lsbom@lakshmisri.com Lschd@lakshmisri.com
THANK YOU! CHENNAI GURUGRAM
Lsmds@lakshmisri.com Lsgurgaon@lakshmisri.com
FOR ANY SUPPORT OR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION WRITE TO: BENGALURU PRAYAGRAJ (ALLAHABAD)
Lsallahabad@lakshmisri.com
lakshmi.kumaran@lakshmisri.com Lsblr@lakshmisri.com
HYDERABAD KOCHI
Lshyd@lakshmisri.com Lskochi@lakshmisri.com
AHMEDABAD JAIPUR
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PUNE NAGPUR
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exceeding expectations
SINCE 1985 W W W. L A K S H M I S R I . C O M

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Emerging Business Laws

New Horizon of Opportunities

Mr. V. Lakshmi Kumaran

Traditional Businesses New/Emerging Businesses

© 2021 | Lakshmikumaran & Sridharan S T R I C T LY | 2

© 2021 | Lakshmikumaran & Sridharan S T R I C T LY | 3

Physical banking > E Banking Courts > Virtual hearings

Physical > Virtual Meetings Farm > Smart Farms

© 2021 | Lakshmikumaran & Sridharan S T R I C T LY | 4

> Erstwhile Taxation Law > GST

© 2021 | Lakshmikumaran & Sridharan S T R I C T LY | 5

Agriculture Media & Legal Prac-

© 2021 | Lakshmikumaran & Sridharan S T R I C T LY | 7

Newer methods of spraying insecticides/ pesticides

© 2021 | Lakshmikumaran & Sridharan S T R I C T LY | 9

© 2021 | Lakshmikumaran & Sridharan S T R I C T LY | 10

© 2021 | Lakshmikumaran & Sridharan S T R I C T LY | 11

© 2021 | Lakshmikumaran & Sridharan S T R I C T LY | 12

© 2021 | Lakshmikumaran & Sridharan S T R I C T LY | 13

• Aggregation of service providers and customers

© 2021 | Lakshmikumaran & Sridharan S T R I C T LY | 14

• Aggregator Apps have resulted in a higher consumption of daily data by con-

© 2021 | Lakshmikumaran & Sridharan S T R I C T LY | 15

• Government to have a policy vision to regulate e-commerce sector

© 2021 | Lakshmikumaran & Sridharan S T R I C T LY | 16

• Labour Law Compliances relating to minimum wages, social security,

© 2021 | Lakshmikumaran & Sridharan S T R I C T LY | 17

© 2021 | Lakshmikumaran & Sridharan S T R I C T LY | 18

• FDI Policy and sector-specific regulations, investment caps and prohibited

© 2021 | Lakshmikumaran & Sridharan S T R I C T LY | 19

© 2021 | Lakshmikumaran & Sridharan S T R I C T LY | 20

• Compliance with FDI norms to set-up marketplace/inventory based e-com-

© 2021 | Lakshmikumaran & Sridharan S T R I C T LY | 21

• Have to comply with jurisdictional laws pertaining to cab licensing require-

© 2021 | Lakshmikumaran & Sridharan S T R I C T LY | 22

• Provided new economic opportunity to the working class. However application

© 2021 | Lakshmikumaran & Sridharan S T R I C T LY | 23

• Evolution of games from national level to club/local levels

• Anti-competitive behavior by sporting associations

© 2021 | Lakshmikumaran & Sridharan S T R I C T LY | 27

© 2021 | Lakshmikumaran & Sridharan S T R I C T LY | 29

© 2021 | Lakshmikumaran & Sridharan S T R I C T LY | 30

• Intellectual Property issues. Require geographic license to display content in different

© 2021 | Lakshmikumaran & Sridharan S T R I C T LY | 31

• Physical presence in chambers

• Physical appearance before Courts

• Face-to-face meeting with clients

• Carrying of books and bulky files to Courts

• Large paper trails and paper records

• Manual operations – example billing, etc.

© 2021 | Lakshmikumaran & Sridharan S T R I C T LY | 33

© 2021 | Lakshmikumaran & Sridharan S T R I C T LY | 34

© 2021 | Lakshmikumaran & Sridharan S T R I C T LY | 35

© 2021 | Lakshmikumaran & Sridharan S T R I C T LY | 36

© 2021 | Lakshmikumaran & Sridharan S T R I C T LY | 37

© 2021 | Lakshmikumaran & Sridharan S T R I C T LY | 38

© 2021 | Lakshmikumaran & Sridharan S T R I C T LY | 39

• Legality of smart contracts in India and the liabilities in case of breach.

© 2021 | Lakshmikumaran & Sridharan S T R I C T LY | 40

• Investment – FEMA, FDI Policies, FCRA

© 2021 | Lakshmikumaran & Sridharan S T R I C T LY | 42

• Labour Laws – Minimum Wages, POSH, Payment of Gratuity, State Insurance,

© 2021 | Lakshmikumaran & Sridharan S T R I C T LY | 43