Introduction to chemistry

Class objectives:
 Identify the structure of an atom.
 Differentiate important definitions (atom, element, molecule, compound, isotope, atomic number)
 Chemistry
Is the study of matter: its
composition, properties, and
reactivity.
Science that studies how and why
substances combine or separate to
form other substances, and how
substances interact with energy
 1. Atoms and elements
All matter is made from atoms.
Atom is the smallest unit of an element

Nucleus

Electron cloud ORBIT

Atomic structure
 Positive
Protons
charge
nucleus
Neutrons No charge
Atom
Electron Negative
Electrons
cloud charge
 There are over a hundred different types of atom, called elements.

Atomic number: 6 Atomic number: 1

In a neutral atom:
Number of electrons = number of protons

• An element is a substance whose atoms all have the same number of protons (atomic number)
• Are chemically the simplest substances and hence cannot be broken down using chemical reactions.
 Atomic number and mass number

Atomic number is employed in order to clearly define a kind of element. It is defined as the number of protons contained in
an atom’s nucleus.
Atomic mass is the number associated with both the protons and neutrons contained in the nucleus of an element.
 There are currently 118 accepted elements.
We use the periodic table to display all of the elements
in an organized way.

https://www.rsc.org/periodic-table
In a periodic table, each element has these information:

Or chemical symbol Element name

Although an element’s atoms must all have the same number of protons,
they can have different numbers of neutrons and hence different masses.
When atoms of the same element have different numbers of neutrons,
they are called isotopes.

https
://www.khanacademy.org/science/chemistry/atomic-structure-and-properties/introduction-to-the-atom/
v/atomic-number-mass-number-and-isotopes
2. Molecules and Compounds

bond

Molecule is formed when atoms join together

by chemical bonds.
A compound is a combination of more than one element.

The compound is made by the same type of molecules

 Class activity (notebook)

1. Prepare a mind map about “introduction of Chemistry” with the following definitions: chemistry, atom,
molecule, element and compound. Include two examples of elements, molecules and compounds.

2. Choose two elements of a periodic table and write the information like this:

3. Is the ozone an element, molecule or compound? Why?

4. Carbon is an element that has 3 isotopes. The atomic number is always 6 in the three
isotopes. Draw the atomic structure of each one, indicate the number of protons (p+),
neutrons (n°), electrons (e-), Z (atomic number) and A (atomic mass).