Dr.Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya, Sagar (M.P.

)
Department of Applied Geology

Presentation on
A Review of Techniques & Methods of Uranium
exploration around Singhbhum Shear Zone, East
Singhbhum District,Jharkhand

Supervisor: Presented By:

Prof .HAREL THOMAS Atish Kumar Sahoo
M.Tech. (6th Sem)
Roll No. Y17251009
CONTENTS

• INTRODUCTION
• OBJECTIVE
• REGIONAL GEOLOGY AND GEOLOGICAL MAP OF
SINGHBHUM
• OBSERVED GEOLOGY OF THE AREA
LITHOLOGICAL ASPECTS
STRUCTURAL ASPECTS
• TECHNIQUES OF PROSPECTING & EXPLORATION
• ORE RESERVE ESTIMATION
• CONCLUSION
• REFRENCES
Introduction
Radioactive
What is Uranium ?

Lithophile Uranium Actinide

U
235

• 0.720%
234
U U
238 Oxyphile
• 0.0054% • 99.275%

Uranium
Isotopes
 Primary Ore Uranium
Primary Uranium Mineral Chemical Composition
Uraninite UO2
Pitchblende U3O8
Coffinite U(SiO4)1-X(OH)4X
Brannerite UTi2O6
Davidite (REE)(Y,U)(Ti,Fe+3)20O18
Thucolite U bearing pyrobitumen

Secondary Ores Uranium

Secondary U Minerals Chemical composition
Autonite Ca- bearing phosphates
Carnotite K-bearing vanadate
Gummite Mixture of uraninite and secondary U-
minerals of variable composition
Seleeite Mg (UO2)2(PO4)210 H2O
Torbernite Cu-bearing phosphates
Tyuyamunite Ca (UO2) 2 (VO4)258H2O
Uranocircite Ba (UO2)2(PO4)2.8-10 H2O
 Fig- Map showing Uranium Occurrences In India
Source:-https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Findianexpress.com%2Felections%2Fghatsila-jharkhand-assembly-election-
chunav-results-2019-live-
 OBJECTIVE

The main objective is to “Review the Techniques of Prospecting and

Exploration of Uranium around East Singhbhum District,jharkhand”
based on lithological, structural and mineralogical studies from the
given study area

The Toposheet No. of the given study area is 73J/6

GEOLOGICAL MAP OF SINGHBHUM CRATON REGIONAL GEOLOGY

Newer dolerite ( different age)

KolhanGroup (=Kunjar, Gangpur Group ?)
‘Soda’ Granite, Kuilapal Granite
Jagannathpur, Malangtoli volcanics
Dalma Group
Koira Group with Ongarbira volcanics
Dhanjori Group (=Simlipal Group)
………….............Unconformity………….
SBG- B, Boni Granite, chakradharpur
Granite, Mayurbhanj Granite
Badampahar Group (Gurumasahni Group)
OMTG/SBG-A/ Boni and Chakradharpur
Granite
Older Metamorphic Group (OMG)
Base are not recongnized
(after Iyengar andMurthy 1982, Misra 2006 and Meert et al. 2010)
 Geological Map of Singhbhum Shear Zone and Showing Uranium
Producing Mines
N

(Map not to scale)

Sourcehttps://www.google.com/url?sa=i&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjQrtap6eHmAhU_xTgGHXKfCAEQjhx6BAgBEAI&url=https
%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Ffigure%2FUranium-deposits-and-occurrences-of-the-Singhbhum-Shear-Zone
India_fig6_292981579&psig=AOvVaw26ssz6i8Tm6HRHc_GrWhBk&ust=1577948131836420
Observed lithology of the area
-
Laterite

Basic rocks

Feldspathic schist

Sericite schist

Foliated Quartzite

Biotite schist

Ferruginous Quartzite

Biotite – Chlorite Schist

Massive Quartzite (Fuchsite??)

Quartz-Chlorite Schist
Toposheet of the working area
Toposheet No. 73J/6

Source-www.bhuvan.nrsc.gov.in
Structural Traits of the area
Joints-
2 Set of perpendicular joints
present in the foliated quartzite
.

Fig-Joints in foliated Quartzite

Folds –
Different kind of folds gives us an
idea about the deformational
history of the area. Folds includes
Parasitic folds , S & Z folds ,M &
W folds, asymmetric folds,
Intrafolial folds . Asymmetric
folds and intrafolial folds give the
indications about the intense Fig-Z fold
shearing of the area .
.

Fig-Reclined fold Fig- Close fold

Foliation and Crenulations
Well developed foliated rocks are present in the study area for example
-quartz - chlorite schist, biotite – chlorite schist, biotite schist,
feldspathic schist and sericitic schist even quartzite and basic rocks also
show well developed foliations.

Fig- Crenulation in sericite schist

PROSPECTING & EXPLORATION

 Difference between propecting & exploration

 Stages of Exploration
Geophysical Survey used in Exploration

 Geophysical survey is done in the advance stage of exploration to get

confidence about the presence of deposit which is present on the
surface and below the earth surface. As we proceed for the
exploration of radioactive minerals two of the geophysical has been
mandatorily applied.

 Radiometric survey (GM – counter or Geiger-Muller counter and

Scintillation Counter)

 Magnetic survey (PPM-Proton Precision Magnetometer)

Geophysical Technique used for Uranium exploration
Radiometric Survey

Fig- Scintillation counter

Fig- Gieger Muller Counter

Magnetic survey
PPM-Proton Precision Magnetometer
The PPM contains one liquid (H+ proton concentrated liquid). In a
normal position, the electron present in the liquid are randomly
oriented and moved randomly in the liquid. In the PPM survey an
external electric field is applied for a moment of seconds. As the
external field applied, the randomly oriented electrons arrange
themselves in proper order in response to external field. But, as the
external field is shut down, they again start to regain their original
random position. During the obtaining the random position of
electrons they rotate/precise and hit the coil present in the instrument.
This hitting of electron is recorded by the coil. The more is the
precision/rotation intensity, more the susceptibility of magnetism in
the magnetic material below the earth’s surface.
 SAMPLING
Sampling is an art of collecting small fractions of material which can
be the representative of the whole ore body or formation.
Techniques of Sampling
The techniques of sampling from the outcrop, pit, trench, mines etc.
may be grouped into following:

 Channel sampling
 Grab or Chip sampling
 Dump sampling
 Bulk sampling
 Bore-hole sampling
 DRILLING
Drilling is an art for subsurface geological investigation and it is
intended mainly to serve geologic information such as lithology,
contacts, attitude and sequence of formation present, presence and
absence of veins and other structural features.
Classification of Drilling
Based on the principle involved in the operations, drills may be
classified under the following types
Percussion
Rotary
Miscellaneous
Diamond Drill

Fig- Diamond Drill Bits

Fig- Diamond Drill assembly

Fig- Diamond Drill Machine unit
Bore Hole deviation

The main cause for deviation for diamond drill holes are:-
 Presence of rock of different or alternate hardness.

 Steep dip angle of formations.

 Steeply dipping or vertical bore hole after passing through softer rock
is deflected on touching a relatively very hard formation and tend to
follow a dip.

 Jointing and fracturing with rock mass normally deflect the bore hole
from the normal course.

 Sudden variations and excessive pressure applied during drilling.

 ORE RESERVE ESTIMATION
The estimation of reserves consists of finding out the total volume and
converting it into total tonnage.
Reserve estimation consists of qualitative as well as quantitative
analysis of ore deposit.

Classification of Ore Reserve

United Nations Framework Classification (UNFC) for energy and

mineral resources is a universally applicable scheme for
classifying/evaluating energy and mineral reserves/resources.

The UNFC consists of a three dimensional system with the following

three axes;
G Axis- For Geological Assessment
F-Axis- Feasibility Assessment
E- Axis- The degree of economic viability
Fig-United Nations Framework Fig- USGS resource classification scheme
Classification (UNFC) for Mineral (adopted from Mckelvey)(1972)
Resources
 CONCLUSION

A premature attempt is done to reveal the geological information in and

around the Purnapani- Tamajhuri-Chirudih-Pathargoda area of
Singhbhum Shear Zone Jharkhand which is located in the East Central
segment of the SSZ.

The rock units mainly composed of Quartz- Chlorite Schist, Massive

Quartzite, Biotite- Chlorite Schist, Ferruginous Quartzite, Biotite Schist,
Foliated Quartzite, Sericite Schist, Feldspathic Schist, Basic rocks and
laterite.

 Uranium mineralization in the area is hydrothermal vein type (same as

SSZ), vein intruded along weak planes like schistosity planes, joint
planes, fracture planes etc. Major trend of uranium hosting veins are
similar to shear zone trend (NW-SE).

05/11/2022 24
 REFRENCES
GHOSH, C., Narsimha, J.B., Majumdar, K.K. (1969): Studies in the Beneficiation of Uranium Minerals from Narwapahar,
Jharkhand. Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Bombay

KRISHNA RAO, N., and Rao, G.V.U. (1983): Uranium mineralization in Singhbhum Shear Zone, Bihar II, Occurrence of
Bannerite. Geol. Soc. India Vol. 24, Pg.no.489-501.

SAHA, A. K. (1994) Crustal Evolution of Singhbhum- North Orissa, Eastern India. Geol. Soc. India Mem.No. 27, Banglore,
341p.

USGS, Bull. 1450-A, 1976 Principles of the Mineral Resources classification System of the USBM and USGS.

Diagrammatic scheme of diamond drill

From:-
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwigeg.shopa.hopad.alypt.xtern.seme.inifo.benol.mecad.cular.isra.
mohammedshrine.org%2Farco-roto-phase-wiring-diagram-review

Geological Map of Singhbhum Shear Zone and Showing Uranium

From:-https://www.google.com/url?
sa=i&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjQrtap6eHmAhU_xTgGHXKfCAEQjhx6BAgBEAI&url=http
s%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Ffigure%2FUranium-deposits-and-occurrences-of-the-Singhbhum-Shear-Zone
India_fig6_292981579&psig=AOvVaw26ssz6i8Tm6HRHc_GrWhBk&ust=1577948131836420
MAP OF INDIA HIGHLIGHTING JHARKHAND STATE AND FIELD AREA (GHATSILA)
From:-https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2
 
Map showing Uranium Occurrences In India
From:-
https://www.examrace.com/CurrentAffairs/posts/6e/6e200402844de30712c93b659d6e5b682ff368b0657d55b40c5dff0e6f97
c7c3/Map-of-Atomic-Minerals-in-India.we
Thank You