Electric Vehicles Integrated with

Distributed Renewable Energy

By
Alok Vishwakarma
Abhishek Saini
Sagar Barakala
Presentation Outline

• Introduction
• India’s stand on CO2 emissions
• Key Blind Spots in Power Sector
• Electro mobility Ecosystem
• Challenges with Electric Vehicles
• Battery Charging cum Swapping station (CSS)
• Other Applications
• DC Micro grid
India’s stand on CO2 Emissions

• India’s carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions are growing at a faster rate than any
other major energy-consuming nation.
• Higher CO2 emissions have been spurred by an increasing consumption of
fossil fuels for transportation and power generation.
• India can continue to deploy solar farms, leveraging its leadership of the
International Solar Alliance as per Paris Agreement,2015.
• By 2020, India can announce its own fossil-fuel exit strategy and a target
date for its peak CO2 emissions.
Key Blind Spots in Retail Power Sector

o Regulatory environment

o More Focus on Green Energy

o Rapid development of battery storage technology

o New market entrants

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Drivers for Electro-mobility

• Environment Friendly

• Less Running Cost

• Less Maintenance Cost

• Health benefits

• Safety improvements

• Energy security
 Challenges with Electric Vehicles
• Short Range
• Charging time of EVs
• Higher Cost Involved
• Technology & service support
 Electro mobility Ecosystem: Our Perspective

EV segment Vehicle Ownership Charging Infra by NTPC

Off-Board Charging
Bus State Buses/ Others (Depot Charging + Top up
Charging)
Car
/4-wheelers Government Vehicles Off-Board Charging
Battery Swapping (Batteries can
Car/e-Rickshaw/ Private/ Individual ownership be owned by NTPC or Tie up
e-Bike with battery manufacturers)

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Solution : Battery Charging cum Swapping station (CSS)
o A charging cum Swapping Station (CSS) would keep standard charged batteries with
unique QR code on each.

o A Customer would need to pay some money as security and get registered.

o Now he can take a charged battery from any of our outlet.

o After its use he can swap this battery at any of our outlet, pay the money (on Android
App or cash) as per time of usage.

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EV Charging Solutions Provider

Electric
Input Supply
Vehicle from
Supply Electrical Discom
Equipmen Infrastructur
t e Grid/Micro grid
Cloud
(Chargers) Data
Managemen
t

EV User
Payment CMS
Cloud
Gateways,
Solution
Mobile App
s
Charging Stations

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How does CSS solve the issues of EV?
Challenge Solution with CSS

1. Short Range Distributed Renewable energy /More Charging

Options

2. Charging time of EVs Need not wait to charge the battery, just swap,
pay and move.

3. Higher Cost of EVs Need not buy battery very frequently as it is

always available on rent.
 Contd…
4. Technology and
Service support • Every information about battery and its installation will be
available on Android app through its QR code.
• One can also check nearby CSS on app.
• AI can be used to alert customer about status of battery on
app itself.
• All history of the batteries and their use will be available to us
which can be used to optimise our business.
• We may also enable online ordering of battery and doorstep
service in future
• Digital innovations and software
Other Application of CSS in SMART Grid
• As we would have large no of batteries available in charged condition, it is
virtually a Power plant itself!!

• EVs can also be an electricity resource themselves.

• When plugged in, the batteries could provide many of the grid services
that stationary energy storage systems can provide.
How would we charge these Batteries at CSS?
• Roof top solar Panels at CSS : Direct DC – DC conversion to charge batteries, this
would avoid unnecessary DC - AC – DC conversion losses (10% - 32%).

• Wind Power

• DC Micro grid

• Connection with National grid

What is DC Micro Grid?
• A DC micro grid maintains a DC bus, which feeds DC loads connected to it. Normally,
DC loads are low-power rating electronic devices such as laptops, cell phone,
wireless phones, LED Lights, internet routers etc.
Contd..
• Individual homes/buildings with rooftop solar Panels can be a part of a DC
micro grid. It would supply their internal DC loads and surplus power (if
any) would be stored in batteries.

• Functions of a DC micro grid controller is the operational programming, to

decide the optimal power set points of all controllable devices, according
to inputs (renewable source and load forecast) and loads such as domestic
needs, EV Charging etc while taking into account device technical
limitations.

• Though it would have DC sources and loads but sources and loads with AC
output/input may be interfaced to DC bus through AC/DC converter for
reliability/standby purpose.
Why DC Micro grid?
• The solar photovoltaic system produces dc power, storage (batteries) takes in and
out only dc power, and most appliances and fixtures are dc powered. The ac-to-dc
conversion, and vice versa, amounted to large losses (10% -32% ), especially when
the power levels used were small.

• Hence DC micro grid has advantage over AC micro grid in terms of system efficiency,
cost, and system size. Because lesser number of power electronic converters is
required, the overall efficiency improves. 

• According to IEEE Electrification Magazine, June 2016, the power usage goes down
significantly when dc-powered dc appliances are used. The net result is that a 125-W
solar panel can power a small home including multiple LED lights, a fan, a TV, and a
cell phone charger when used with a battery of 1.25 kWh.
Contd..
• An induction motor-based ceiling fan, would consume 72 W of ac power at full
speed. The power consumption of the fans was reduced to merely 30 W at full
speed, when a 48-Vdc-powered brushless dc motor (BLDC) motor-based fan was
used.

• Buildings like Call centers which have large electronic loads (DC) would be benefitted
the most as they would be able to utilize Rooftop solar power directly without
AC/DC conversion.

• Far flung areas can be easily electrified by DC Micro grid ensuring round the clock
power with storage facility.
 DC Micro grid planning for EV Infrastructure
• Since both the sources such as photovoltaic systems and loads such as batteries of EVs,
local storage, domestic loads are based on direct current (DC), the realization of a DC
micro grid structure is promising, though challenging.

• DC micro grid in an area can power up a local EV charging station for its members.

• Surplus power (if any) can also be sold to a nearby public EV charging station like
NTPC’s CSS (Charging cm Swapping Station).

• The combined operation with DG(Distributed generation) can ensure renewable energy
supply to EVs, reducing grid power purchases.

• This will optimize cost economics and reliability.

Scheme of DC Micro grid with EV Charging Station
DC Micro grid – A separate business opportunity
• NTPC can have enough technical expertise to commission small and medium scale
DC Micro grid then why not offer it to customers like Call centres, stadiums, malls,
societies etc.?

Why would they buy a DC Microgrid?

• It would reduce their electricity bill.

• It would help sell extra power generated to other members of microgrid and
generate income.
• It would help them become carbon negative and it is a marketing tool nowadays!!
• In future with smart grid they may also be able to supply it to the grid.
Conclusions

• In view of greater thrust on environment, future of Electro-mobility though

challenging but very promising
• Early entry on integrated solution in this area will diversify our business
• Distributed Generation with storage system will be a key driver for EV infrastructure
• It will help us in becoming true market leader and our presence everywhere.
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