Presented By; Allan ebinda

y Overview of Windows 2000 y Features of Windows 2000 y Windows 2000 architectural overview y Windows 2000 directory services y Windows 2000 Active directory services

y Software: are programs, procedures and instructions that control the operations
of a computer, which main functions is to direct the workings of the computer hardware.

y Computer programs are an organized list of instructions that, when

executed, causes the computer to behave in a predetermined manner.

y System software: can de described as the set of programs designed to

coordinate the activities and functions of the hardware and various programs throughout the computer system.

Ex: Windows XP , Windows 7 etc

y Application Software:
y

sits on top of systems software because it is unable to run without the operating system and system utilities and assists the users to solve particular problems. Ex: Microsoft Word , Ms Access etc

y THE ANSWAER IS NOTHING

On the other hand a computer with an OS can do the following: y Performing common hardware functions. y Providing a user interface. y Providing a degree of hardware independence. y Managing system memory. y Managing processing tasks. y Providing network capability. y Controlling access to system resources (security). y Managing files.

y Throughout this course we are going to study

WINDOWS 2000 which is an operating system release by Microsoft . y Editions of Windows 2000

EDITIONS

] CHARACTERISTICS

Windows 2000 Professional

Client Operating System Plug and Play Support a broad range of hardware Enhanced power management Is File ,print ,application and web server Active directory(centralize management) Uniprocessor and Symmetric multiprocessing Up to 4 GB of physical memory. Ideal for small-to-medium sized enterprise Advance scalability for enterprise and large department solution. Eight-way SMP Ideal for database intensive work Physical address Extensions (PAEs)

Windows 200 Server

Windows 2000 Advanced Server

Windows 2000 Datacenter Server

y Lower total Cost of ownership:

 y y

Reduces the cost of running and administering a network providing automatic installation and upgrading of applications simplifying the setup and configuration of client computers.

y Security:
   y

Authenticates users before they gain access to Resources or data on a computer or the network. Provides local and network security Auditing for files, folders, printers, and other resources. Supports the Kerberos protocol and public key infrastructure (PKI) security.

y Directory services:
  

Stores information about network resources(user accounts, applications, print resources, and security information.) Enables administrators to manage and secure these resources. Stores and manages Active Directory services information in the directory, which is the database that stores information about network resources, such as computers and printers

y Performance and scalability:

 
y

Supports SMP on computers that are configured with multiple microprocessors. Supports multitasking for system processes and programs.
Windows 2000 Server Supports up to four Microprocessors Windows 2000 Professional Supports up to two microprocessors.

Support for the most popular network protocols, including TCP/IP and IPX/SPX.

 

Provides connectivity with Novell NetWare, UNIX, and AppleTalk. Provides dial-up networking, which lets mobile users connect to a computer running Windows 2000.

y Internet integration:
  

Integrates users' desktops with the Internet Includes Microsoft Internet Information Server (IIS), which is a secure Web-server platform used to host Internet and intranet Web sites on network servers.

y Integrated administration tools:



Provides the means to incorporate third-party administrative tools into the standard interface.

Provides the means to create customized tools to manage local and remote computers with a single standard interface.

y Hardware support:


Supports universal serial bus (USB)

Supports Plug and Play hardware, which Windows 2000 automatically detects, installs, and configures.

y Windows 2000 is an object-based system it is a modular operating system

made up of small, self-contained software components that work together to perform operating system tasks. Each component provides a set of functions that act as an interface to the rest of the system.

WINDOWS 2000 ARCHITECTURAL OVERVIEW

y Run on Complex Instruction Set Computing (CISC)-based computers. y Devices and their drivers are both hardware-configurable and software-

configurable.
y Run uniformly on uniprocessor and SMP platforms, ensuring that code being

executed on one processor does not simultaneously access and modify data being accessed and modified from another processor
y To support the various functionality, Windows 2000 is designed to be a

modular system made up of a set of objects that can be broken into two
y major layers:

User mode and kernel mode.

ENVIRONMENT SUBSYSTEMS Allow Windows 2000 to run applications written for different operating systems. These subsystems emulate different operating systems by presenting the application programming interfaces (APIs) that The applications need to be available.
y
 

Win32: POSIX:

The environment subsystems and the applications that run within them have no direct access to hardware or device drivers. They are limited to an assigned address space. Environment subsystems are forced to use hard disk space as virtual memory whenever the system needs memory.

INTEGRAL SUBSYSTEMS : Integral subsystems perform essential operating system functions. The following table describes some of the important integral subsystems.
y

Security: The subsystem accepts user logon requests and initiates logon authentication.  Workstation service: allows a Windows 2000 computer to access the network.  Server service: The Server service allows a Windows 2000 computer to provide network resources.


 has access to system data and hardware.  provides direct access to memory and is executed in a protected memory area  It determines when a particular sequence of code is run by following

prioritizing criteria.
 The kernel mode also prioritizes hardware and software y interrupts so that some kernel mode code runs at higher interrupt request The y kernel mode consists of several components with well-defined functionality

isolated in each component:

 WINDOWS 2000 EXECUTIVE  HARDWARE ABSTRACTION LAYER (HAL)  KERNEL MODE DRIVERS

 Performs most of the I/O and object management including security.  Virtual Memory Manager (VMM)  Process Manager  Plug and Play (PnP) Manager  Power Manager  Window Manager and graphical device interface (GDI)  Object Manager

 virtualizes, or hides, the hardware interface details, making Windows

2000 more portable across different hardware architectures.

 Contains the hardware-specific code that handles I/O interfaces;  Interrupt controllers, and multiprocessor communication mechanisms.  Designed to allow Windows 2000 to run on both Intel-based and other

platforms.
 Implemented as a dynamic-link library and is responsible for all hardware-

level, platform-specific support needed by every component in the system.

 Provides an interface between the platform's hardware and the system's

software components.

 include a set of system-defined standard driver routines and some internal

routines, depending on individual device requirements.

 Portability from one platform to another  Configurability of hardware and software  Always preemptible and always interruptible  Multiprocessor-safe on multiprocessor platforms  Object-based  Packet-driven I/O with reusable IRPs  Support for asynchronous I/O

y A directory is a stored collection of information about objects that are all related

to one another in some way.

y directory service uniquely identifies users and resources.