Citation and Paraphrasing:

How to borrow other people’s ideas with style

 Paraphrasing
Why paraphrase?
• To include relevant ideas by other authors
without committing plagiarism
• To adjust other authors’ ideas to your work
 Why cite?
• To avoid plagiarism
• To help readers to read further
• To obtain credibility for your works
• To show the scope and breadth of your
research

(De Montfort University Library, 2009)

 How to cite?
• Harvard (running note)
• Chicago (footnotes and bibliography)
• Turabian (running note)
• Gaya Selingkung JHI (running note)
• Etc.
Running Note
• “The term ‘regionalism’ is defined by Fawcett
(2005) as a …”
• “Federalism was the theory that inspired …
European integration (Hettne and Soderbaum,
2008). “
References
Fawcett, Louise. (2005) Regionalism from an
Historical Perspective. In: Mary Farrell et al.
(eds.) Global Politics of Regionalism: Theory and
Practice. London: Pluto Press.
Hettne, Bjorn and Soderbaum, Fredrik. (2008) The
Future of Regionalism: Old Divides, New
Frontiers. In Andrew F. Cooper et al. (eds.)
Regionalisation and Global Governance: the
Taming of Globalisation?. London: Routledge.
Footnote
• “Jepang memiliki peran yang signifikan sebagai
kunci kebijakan luar negeri AS di Asia setelah
kemenangan partai Komunis di Cina. 2 “
• “Keterlibatan yang disetujui oleh Yoshida adalah
… sebagai penyedia kebutuhan militer untuk
pasukan PBB selama Perang Korea berlangsung
4
.”
Footnotes
2
Arthur Cotterell, East Asia: From Chinese
Predominance to the Rise of the Pacific Rim (Oxford:
Oxford University Press, 1993), 289.
4
Cotterell, East Asia, 289.
5
Ibid., 290
 Harvard Citation System
Single author
• Last name (year) / (Last name, year)
• E.g. Fawcett (2005) / (Fawcett, 2005)

Two authors
• Last name 1 and last name 2 (year) / (Last name 1 and last name 2, year)
• E.g. Jackson dan Sørensen (2013) / (Jackson dan Sørensen, 2013)

More than two authors

• Last name 1 et al. (year) / (Last name 1 et al., year)
• E.g. Burchill et al. (2001) / (Burchill et al., 2001)
Citing a work cited in another work
• Original author (year) as cited by Citing author (year)
• E.g. Hobsbawm (1987) dalam Carruthers (2001)

Direct quotation
• Must include page
• E.g. “It is claimed that government in the information age will “work better and
cost less”(Bellamy and Taylor, 1998, p.41).”

Citing multiple works

• (Author1 year1; author2 year2; author 3 year 3).
• E.g. (Jones 2004; Biggs 2006; Smith 2008)
Web Resources
• Cite the author, organization, or the title of
the website

*Make sure that your online resources are valid

for scientific purposes
 Harvard Referencing System
Books
• Author(s). (year) Title. Edition. Place of publication: Publisher.

Examples:
• Kadolph, S.J. (2007) Textiles. 10th ed. New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall.
• Li, X. dan Crane, N.B. (1993) Electronic Style: a Guide to Citing Electronic
Information. London: Meckler.
• Levitt, R. et al. (1999) The Reorganised National Health Service. 6th ed.
Cheltenham: Stanley Thornes.
Book Chapters
• Author(s) (year) Title of chapter. In: Author(s)/Editor(s), ed(s). Book title. Edition.
Place of publication: Publisher, Pages (use p. or pp.)
Example:
• Tuckman, A. (1999) Labour, Skills and Training. In: Levitt, R. et al. (eds.) The
Reorganised National Health Service. 6th ed. Cheltenham: Stanley Thornes, pp. 135-
155

Journal Articles
• Author(s) (year) Title of article. Title of journal, Vol. no. (Part no./Issue/Month),
Pages, use p. or pp.
Example:
• Lu, H. and Miethe, T.D. (2002) Legal Representation and Criminal Processing in China.
British Journal of Criminology, 42 (2), pp. 267-280.
Newspaper Articles
• Author(s) (year) Article title. Newspaper title, Day
and Month (abbreviated), Pages, use p. or pp.

Example:
• Brown, P. (2002) New Foot and Mouth Outbreak
Suspected. Guardian, 27th Feb, p. 1.
Conference Papers
• Author(s) (year) Title. In: Editor(s) Title of Conference Proceedings. Place and Date of
Conference (unless included in title). Place of publication: Publisher, Pages, use p. or pp.

Example:
• Gibson, E.J. (1977) The Performance Concept in Building. In: Proceedings of the 7th CIB
Triennial Congress, Edinburgh, September 1977. London: Construction Research
International, pp. 129-136.

Official Publications
• Name of Issuing Body (year) Title. Place of Publication: Publisher, Report no. (where
relevant), Pages, use p. or pp.

Example:
• Great Britain Department of the Environment, Development Commission (1980_ 38th
Report, 1st April 1979 to 31th March 1980. London: HMSO, 1979-80 HC. 798, pp. 70-81.
Web Pages
• Author(s) (year) Title of document/article [WWW]
Organisation responsible (optional). Available from: web
address [Date accessed].

Example:
• University of Sheffield Library (2001) Citing Electronic Sources
of Information [WWW] University of Sheffield. Available from:
http://www.shef.ac.uk/library/libdocs/hsl-dvc1.pdf [Accessed
23/02/07].
 More resources at:

https://bit.ly/2Z0Bvdq