WORLD WAR 1 NOTES

The Family Relationships that Couldn’t Stop

World War I
OWhen the First World War
started, George V, Wilhelm II, and
Nicholas II were ruling over
England, Germany, and Russia.
OEngland and Russia were part of
the Triple Entente. Germany was
the main power among the
Central Empires.
OIt is believed that Wilhelm II once
pointed out that, had their
grandmother, Queen Victoria, still
been alive, she would have never
allowed them to make such a
war.
WW1 Timeline
 O Militarism – the policy of
building strong military to
prepare for war.
O Alliances – agreements

Causes of
between nations to provide
aid and protect one another.
O Nationalism – extreme
WW1: O
pride in one’s country.
Imperialism – when one
country takes over another
country politically and

M.A.N.I.A
economically.
O Assassination – the
assassination of Archduke
Franz Ferdinand was the
spark that caused WW1.
O MANI are long term
causes
O arafffffffff
LONG TERM CAUSES OF WW1
 Militarism
Germany increased its spending on military therefore
became a bigger threat to the other 3 countries.

1910 – 1914
Increase in
Military
Spending

France 10%
Britain 13%
Russia 39%
Germany 73%
Alliances know
well! I hate nasser
Alliances in Europe had been
inexistence for many years
assmaller countries needed
militarysupport in the event of
aninvasion from stronger
countries.Initially Italy was part of
the TripleAlliance but later
changedalliance and joined the
TripleEntente.
 Nationalism
Nationalism – a strong sense
of devotion to the interests
and culture of one’s own
nation, to the exclusion of
other nations.
This belief led to the idea that
a single nations are more
important than co-operation
among nations.
Nationalism led to fighting
between nations.
Extreme pride in ones
country
 O European nations
were always looking
for more land to
Imperialism colonize.
O These colonies
supplied Europe
with raw materials,
new markets and
added to their sense
of greatness.
O fuckkk
 O Since Europe
Imperialism colonized most of
Africa and Asia, there
were few areas left to
colonise.
O This created conflict
between the old
super-powers of Great
Britain and France
and the new rising
powers of Germany,
Russia and Italy.
START OF WWI
Assassination of
Franz
Ferdinand
(very important nasser)

Serbia and Austria-Hungary

are in an argument.
Archduke Franz Ferdinand
(Austrian-Hungarian) visits
the capital of Serbia.
He is assassinated by a
radical Serbian on 28/6/1914
Looool die..
Austria-Hungary declares war
on Serbia.
CONFLICTING POWERS
What New Warfare Tactics Were
Used In WW1?
Trench Warfare
 Trench
Warfare
Kilometers of trenches
snaked across Europe from
1914 – 1918.
Hundreds and thousands of
soldiers fought and died in
these trenches.
Rain flooded the trenches,
rodents and insects infested
the trenches.
Western & Eastern Fronts
O https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=Rbzf_7vIvpw
 Chemical
Warfare
Know 2 examples of gasses used
Effects of Gas Warfare
O https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fkjbZ_cxt
P4
Airforce Attacks
 Challenging Old Strategies
O In traditional O Airplanes now
warfare, troops dug offered possibilities
trenches. that challenged old
O Assaults came from strategies.
the fronts. O Airplanes could fly
O Once machine guns over the trenches
were mounted on and bomb from
planes, pilots could above.
use them to cause
destruction.
 Challenging
Old Strategies
They could also hit
important targets behind
enemy lines eg factories
Airplanes reshaped warfare
more than any other
weapon in history.
“If you control the air, you
cannot be beaten. If you
lose the air, you cannot
win.”
Naval Attacks
 Battle of
Jutland
Battle Name: Battle of Jutland
•Battle Start Date: May 31st,
1916
•Battle End Date: June 1st,
1916
•Battle Participants: German
Empire and the United
Kingdom
•Battle Winner: Debated /
Unknown
•Total Casualties: 9,000+
Machine Guns
WW1 & Propaganda
 6 Important Battles of
WW1
https://online.norwich.edu/academic-
programs/resources/6-important-battles-of-
world-war-i
 Major Battles of WW1
1. Battle of Tannenberg i.
ii.
iii.
2. 1st Battle of Marne i.
ii.
iii.
 Major Battles of WW1
3. Battle of Gallipoli i.
ii.
iii.
4. Battle of Verdun i.
ii.
iii.
 Major Battles of WW1
5. Battle of Jutland i.
ii.
iii.
6. Battle of Somme i.
ii.
iii.
THE END OF THE WAR
Paris Peace
Settlement
1919
 Peace Treaty
of 1919
Signed on 28 June 1919 – 5
years after the
assassination of Archduke
Ferdinand!
Delegates from 32 countries
were invited.
Conference was controlled
by the Big 3.
Germany was not included
 The Big 3
usa wanted limited punishments for Germany but the other 2 wanted Germany severely punished
Treaty of
Versailles
Conditions
 German
Loss of
Territory
prior to WW1 had taken control of French land
(this increased tension) however after WW1
this land was returned to France
 Military
Restrictions
Do not learn facts, only learn why Germany
would have suffered because of his
restriction
 Economic
Punishment
Germany to pay £6600
million.
Reparations to be paid in
cash, gold and goods.
Allies struggled to get
payment from Germany
from 1921 to 1923.
Germany completed
reparations in 2010!
 Germany’s
Response
Germany hated taking
responsibility for starting
WW1.
Resented that it was forced
to sign the ToV without
being involved in the
negotiations.
Germans were angered with
the treaty – Hitler used this
to his advantage!
 League of
Nations
League of Nations was an
international organization
founded as a result of the
Paris Peace Conference in
1919 – 1920.
Today the United Nations
has replaced the League of
Nations.
O https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OGfAf45
ddCo