DEPARTMENT OF STATISTICS

RESEARCH PROPOSAL ON
FACTOR THAT AFFECTING JOB SATISFACTION ON ADMINISTRATIVE WORKERS IN WOLAITA SODO UNIVERSITY
PREPARED BY
NAME ID NUMBER
ASFAW ARKOTA…………………………NCS/R/210/10
ERDACHEW ALEMAYEHU…………….NCS/R/379/10
 
SUBMITTED TO: H/MICHEAL(M.CS)
WOLAITA SODO UNIVERSITY ETHIOPIA
APRIL, 2020
 
 CHAPTER ONE

• 1 INTRODUCTION

• 1.1 Background of the Study

• Job satisfaction is an attitude, which results from balance, and summation of many specific likes and dislikes

experienced in connection with the job. It is the main progresses, which determine the outcomes of some

one’s effectiveness on his or her work place (Zigarreli, 2003).The work conducted by the joint learning

initiate in recent years has confirmed that global inequalities in the distribution of professional

administrative personal hint those countries hardest which can least afford it Asia, which has about half of

the world’s populations, has access to only about 30% of the world’s adm. Finding out exactly what makes

people feel satisfied about their work can become a multi- faceted issue. According to Arnold and Feldman

(1996), there are a variety of factors that make people feel positive or negative about their job. Moreover,

some employees may be satisfied with few aspects of their work but dissatisfied with all other aspects,

(Mullins, 2002). In the Telecommunication industries scenario, many staff members have reported that they

are satisfied with the working hours and holidays but there are other factors such as supervision and the

work itself that lead to their job dissatisfaction (Schenk, 2001).

• In terms of working conditions, the worker would rather desire working conditions that will result in greater
In this regard, institution’s performance might be assessed according to
satisfaction level which shows the strong and the weak points of an
organization. In the competitive world, customer satisfaction is considered as
the fundamental of success. Wolaita Sodo university, as one of governmental
institutions in the country, is engaged on its activities such as teaching learning,
enhancing research, knowledge transfer, and community service in accordance
to the country’s demand. Considering this, and as part of the continuing effort
to improve its services, the University is seeking information in every academic
year about the quality of its service through continuous customer satisfaction
study of which academic staff satisfaction assessment in Wolaita Sodo

university Robbins(2001 )
. Wolaita Sodo university, as one of governmental institutions in the country, is engaged on

its activities such as teaching learning, enhancing research, knowledge transfer, and
community service in accordance to the country’s demand. Considering this, and as part of
the continuing effort to improve its services, the University is seeking information in every
academic year about the quality of its service through continuous customer satisfaction
study of which academic staff satisfaction assessment in Wolaita Sodo university
Robbins(2001)
The research questions are;
 
What are the factors that affect job satisfaction of administrative workers in WOLAITA
SODO university
What is the level of job satisfaction of administrative workers in WOLAITA SODO university
What is the relationship between demographic factors and job satisfaction
 1.3 Objectives of the Study
1.3.1 General Objective

The general objective of this study is to investigate the factors that

affect job satisfaction of WOLAITA SODO University administrative
workers.

1.3.2 Specific Objectives

To identify the significant factors that affect job satisfaction of

administrative workers.

To identify satisfaction level of the administrative worker towards

their job.

To assess the effect of demographic factors on job satisfaction of

administrative workers in WOLAITA SODO university.
 1.5 Scope of the Study

• This study will be conducted in Wolaita Sodo university which is found in the South part of
Ethiopia. This study will be conducting Administrative workers in Wolaita Sodo University .
 CHAPTER THREE

DATA METHODOLOGY

3.1. Study Area

The study will be conduct in Wolaita Sodo in case of administrative workers in Wolaita Sodo university

Administration is located in the Southern part of Ethiopia 328 kilometer far from Addis Ababa Between

90 27' and 90 49' North latitude and between 410 38' and 420 19' South longitude. Wolaita Sodo

university Administration is characterized by relatively high temperature throughout the year with minor

seasonal variations.

The mean annual temperature is about 24.8 oC and the average maximum temperature is 31.4 oC,

whereas the average minimum temperature is 18.2 oC. May to September is the hottest months while the

relatively coldest months run from November to February. Maximum temperature occurs in June and

minimum in December.
3.2. Source of Data
This research will be conduct using one type of data source. This is Primary data
source .We will use primary data on preparation of pilot survey questionnaire and we
will be also use it on research questionnaire fulfills by administrative worker. The
data we will use for this study is primary data sources and the methods of collecting
this data is by prepared self-Administered questionnaire.
3.3 Method of Data Collection
A method of data collection will be depending on the study type and the information
obtain. The study will be conduct by using primary data that will be collect from
Wolaita Sodo university administrative workers. The questionnaires will be
distributed to the administrative workers in Wolaita Sodo university who will be
selected as a sample for the study.
3.4. Study variables
3.4.1 Dependent variable
Is a variable in which what we measure in the experiment and what is affected during
the experiment. It depends on the independent variable. 1) Job satisfaction
3.4.2 Independent variable
 
It is a variable that stands alone and does not changed by the other variables we are
trying to measure
Age
Sex`
Marital status
Education level
Working environment
Salary(working in month)
Enough time to spend with your family
Relation to other workers
Facilities to office
Job satisfaction of workers
 
The research design is cross-sectional design and the sample size select is simple random
sampling techniques. The target population is on Wolaita Sodo University administrative
worker by going to be study (questionnaires, observations and semi- structurally
interviewed) to determine their characteristics. Data generate by in-depth interview,
document quarrying and observation are going to be analysis qualitatively. Primary data
source is used for this stu
 3.5.1. Sampling design and sampling technique

The study design selection is depends on simple random sampling techniques.

Simple random sampling (SRS) is the basic probability selection scheme in which
predetermined numbers of sampling units are selected from sampling frame, so
that each unit has an equal chance of being included in the sample

3.5.2. Sample size determination

One of the most common questions posted to survey methodology is sample size
determination. As we know appropriate sample size is one of the means of joining
high precision. Normally the sample size determination requires three factors,
which are -
 3.6.3. The Chi-square test

The chi-square test is most commonly used to evaluate tests of independence

by using the distribution of two categorical variables simultaneously with the
intersection of the catagories of the variables appearing in the cells. The test
of independence assess whether an association exists between the two
variables by comparing the observed pattern of responses in the cell.

A variety of statistical test are available for analyzing a given set of data. Uses
of chi-square is one of the most appropriate way to use categorical variables,
hence the qualitative data used in Computation of the test statistics and the

frequency of associated with each category of the variables of interest .

Assumption of chi-square test
All individual observations should be independent.
The sample is large, this means the sample should be contain at least 50 observations.
The data should be expressed in original units, rather than in percentage or ratio form.
Sample must be drawn from the population is interest.
 3.7 Binary Logistic Regression Model

• The dependent variable in logistic regression is usually dichotomous, that is, the dependent

variable can take the value “1” with probability of success (satisfied job) and the value 0 with

probability of failure (un satisfied job). The model for logistic regression analysis assumes that the

outcome variable Y is categorical, for example, binary or dichotomous.

• In this study the binary logistic model will be used to analyze whether the dependent variable on

the street or not. The dependent variable in this case is dummy variable, which take the value of

(1) for on the street and (0) otherwise. This model allows one to predict out comes, from set of

variables may be continuous, discrete and dichotomous or mix of any of these.

• The terminology binary logistic regression analysis the odd of success defined as to be the ratio of

the probability of success to the probability of failure.

The dependent variable in logistic regression is usually dichotomous, that is,
the dependent variable can take the value “1” with probability of success
(satisfied job) and the value 0 with probability of failure (un satisfied job).
The model for logistic regression analysis assumes that the outcome variable
Y is categorical, for example, binary or dichotomous.
In this study the binary logistic model will be used to analyze whether the
dependent variable on the street or not. The dependent variable in this case
is dummy variable, which take the value of (1) for on the street and (0)
otherwise. This model allows one to predict out comes, from set of variables
may be continuous, discrete and dichotomous or mix of any of these.
The terminology binary logistic regression analysis the odd of success
defined as to be the ratio of the probability of success to the probability of
failure.
  i 
Logit i   Log 
 1    0  1 1i  2 2i
    ..........    ki ...............................................3.5
 i 
k

Where, the model parameters and for this study the dependent variables is defined as
Yi= 0, if satisfied by job
1 ,if not satisfied by job
Making some arrangements of equation (1) the above model or relation can be written as:

(logistic regression function)

e i
Pi  PYi  1 / x1 , x2 ...xk 
= (logistic function)
i
1 e
K
i   Bi X i
where

i 0
and X0=1; Odd ratio, the probability of an event happing is  Pi  for
 
the event of success  1  Pi 
That is:
Odd(yi=1)  Pi  i
=
=
,i=1,2,3….k 
 1  Pi  e

After finding the odd ratio the interpretation will be applied for each
explanatory
variables with respect to the obtained odd ratio that is ebi
 3.6.2.2 Parameter estimation
• 3.7 Model diagnosis
• 3.7.1 Individual parameter test
• Although the population parameter estimation algorithm gives a rough estimation of the
individual parameters , individual parameter estimation can be estimated two more précises
estimators: conditional model and conditional distribution
•

• The Wald statistic is an alternative test which is commonly used to test the significance of
individual logistic regression coefficients for each predictor variable. The Wald test statistic :W=z 2

• This is given by፦: x2cal= =α (1)

• H0=βi=0 VS H1: βi≠0, for i=1,2, Ki

• The overall significance of the binary logistic regression models checked by using omnibus test of
model coefficients. The hypothesis testing is given by:

• H0: β0=β1=β2=…βi VS H1 at least one of the coefficient is differ from 0.

3.7.2 The overall parameter test
 
An alternative and widely used approach to test the significance of a number of explanatory variables
is to use the likelihood ratio test. Which is the most computing parameter estimation methods used in
fitting binary logistic regression methods. Itis given by:
G2=-2log(L0/L1) =-2(logL0-logL1)
Where, L0: likelihood of null model
L1: Like hood of the started model
3.7.3 The Hosmer-Lemeshow Test
The Hosmer-Lemeshow test is a commonly used test for assessing the goodness of fit of a model and
allows for any number of explanatory variables, which may be continuous or categorical. Better way
of assessing the fit of logistic regression model is compared the expected and observed numbers of
positives for different sub -groups of the data
3.8 Variable and Model Selection in Logistic Regression
3.8.1 Variable Selection in binary Logistic Regression
Selecting the necessary variable is very important to build a binary logistic regression model as well as
to identify which variable is significant and which is not
FORWARD SELECTION
A model is improved systematically by adding extra variables to the model at each step. The variables,
which show the most significant effect when correcting for the other variables in the model, added. Add
terms sequentially until further addition do not improved the model fitting (Categorical Data
Analysis,2nd edition NEW YORK: WILE2007)).
3.8.2 Model Selection in Logistic Regression
The selection procedure becomes more challenging as the number of explanatory variables increases
because of the rapid increases in possible effects and interaction. Various criteria have been proposed to
evaluate and compare the regression model is adequate. These are:
Akaike’s information criterion(AIC)
The Akaike (1973) information criteria (AIC) in selecting a model, the model with smaller Akaike
information criteria is preferable; and it measures how close the fitted values based on the model are
the true probabilities; is given by:
AIC=-2(log like lihood-number of parameters in model)
1.2 Statement of the Problem
The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between job satisfaction and
organizational commitment. Employees productivity is largely related to their level of job
satisfaction. The employees are back bone of any organization. There are the most precious
and important asset of any organization. Job satisfaction is part of employee life satisfaction.
So based on the above discussion, the study aims to reorganize the impact of
compensation, working environment ,supervisor ,and support on job satisfaction of
employees. Dais and Newstrom (1999).
It is important to know that weather administrative workers are satisfied or not by their
job. Because satisfaction of administrative workers is directly connected with the increasing
of quality of profession(Saari &Judge,2004).Satisfied employees are preferred simply
because they affect the work environment positively (Krishnan &Singch,2010).Thus even
through a well satisfied employee is not necessarily an outstanding performer ,there are
numerous reasons for taking steps to in courage employers job satisfaction. One of the
major reasons for employers exit from the profession is lack of job satisfaction and poor
remuneration (Karen &Mayers,2005).