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 HY
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• Name
• While there is a tendency to misspell his name as
"Aryabhatta" by analogy with other names
having the "bhatta" suffix, his name is
properly spelled Aryabhata: every astro
nomical text spells his name thus,
including Brahmagupta's references
to him "in more than a hundred places
by name". Furthermore, in most instances
"Aryabhatta" does not fit the metre either.
• Time and place of birth
• Aryabhata mentions in the Aryabhatiya that it was
composed 3,600 years into the Kali Yuga, when he was
23 years old. This corresponds to 499 CE, and implies that he was born in 476. [4]
• Aryabhata provides no information about his place of birth. The only information
comes from Bhāskara I, who describes Aryabhata as āśmakīya, "one
belonging to the aśmaka country."
During the Buddha's time, a branch
of the Aśmaka people settled in the
region between the Narmada and Godavari
rivers in central India; Aryabhata is believed
to have been born there.
• Other hypotheses
• It has been claimed that the aśmaka (Sanskrit for "stone") where Aryabhata originated
may be the present day Kodungallur which was the historical capital city of
Thiruvanchikkulam of ancient Kerala.[9] This is based on the belief that Koṭuṅṅallūr was
earlier known as Koṭum-Kal-l-ūr ("city of hard stones"); however, old records show that
the city was actually Koṭum-kol-ūr ("city of strict governance")..

Similarly, the fact that several commentaries on the Aryabhatiya have come from
Kerala has been used to suggest that it was Aryabhata's main place of life and activity;
however, many commentaries have come from outside Kerala, and the Aryasiddhanta
was completely unknown in Kerala
• Aryabhata mentions "Lanka" on several occasions in the Aryabhatiya, but his "Lanka" is
an abstraction, standing for a point on the equator at the same longitude as his Ujjayini.
[10]

• Education
• It is fairly certain that, at some point, he went to Kusumapura for advanced studies and
lived there for some time.[11] Both Hindu and Buddhist tradition, as well as Bhāskara I
(CE 629), identify Kusumapura as Pāṭaliputra, modern Patna.[6] A verse mentions that
Aryabhata was the head of an institution (kulapa) at Kusumapura, and, because the
university of Nalanda was in Pataliputra at the time and had an astronomical
observatory, it is speculated that Aryabhata might have been the head of the Nalanda
university as well.[6] Aryabhata is also reputed to have set up an observatory at the Sun
temple in Taregana, Bihar.[12]
 I F E
L
• Aryabhata(some time misspelled as
‘Aryabhatta’) was one of the first
Indian mathematicians and
astronomers belonging to the
classical age. He was born in 476
BC in Tarenaga, a town in Bihar,
India. It is however definite that he travelled to Kusumapara
(modern day Patna) for studies and even resided there for
some time. It is mentioned in a few places that Aryabhata
was the head of the educational institute in Kusumapara.
The University of Nalanda had an observatory in its
premises so it is hypothesized that Aryabhata was the
principal of the university as well. On the other hand some
other commentaries mention that he belonged to Kerala.
 R K
O
W
• Aryabhata is the author of several treatises on mathematics and
astronomy, some of which are lost.
• His major work, Aryabhatiya, a compendium of mathematics and
astronomy, was extensively referred to in the Indian mathematical
literature and has survived to modern times. The mathematical part of the
Aryabhatiya covers arithmetic, algebra, plane trigonometry, and
spherical trigonometry. It also contains continued fractions,
quadratic equations, sums-of-power series, and a table of sines.
• The Arya-siddhanta, a lost work on astronomical computations, is known
through the writings of Aryabhata's contemporary, Varahamihira, and later
mathematicians and commentators, including Brahmagupta and Bhaskara
I. This work appears to be based on the older Surya Siddhanta and uses
the midnight-day reckoning, as opposed to sunrise in Aryabhatiya. It also
contained a description of several astronomical instruments: the gnomon
(shanku-yantra), a shadow instrument (chhAyA-yantra), possibly angle-
measuring devices, semicircular and circular (dhanur-yantra / chakra-
yantra), a cylindrical stick yasti-yantra, an umbrella-shaped device called
the chhatra-yantra, and water clocks of at least two types, bow-shaped
and cylindrical.[8]
• .[
• A third text, which may have survived in the Arabic
translation, is Al ntf or Al-nanf. It claims that it is a
translation by Aryabhata, but the Sanskrit name of this
work is not known.
• Probably dating from the 9th century, it is mentioned by
the Persian scholar and chronicler of India, Abū Rayhān
al-Bīrūnī
 T IY
HA
A B
RY
A
A
• It is known that Aryabhatta has authored at least three
astronomical books, in addition he also wrote some free
stanzas. Among them “Aryabhatiya” is the only text that
has survived to this day, whereas unfortunately his other
works have been extinct. It is a small treatise written is
118 verses, which summarizes the Hindu mathematics of
that time. This great mathematical masterpiece of the
past starts with 10 verse introduction, which is then
followed by mathematical section which is written in 33
verses that gives out 66 mathematical rules, but there is
no proof to go with it. The mathematical part of the
Aryabhatiya is about algebra, arithmetic, plane
trigonometry and spherical trigonometry in addition to
advanced mathematics on continued fractions, quadratic
equations, sums of power series and a table of sines.
• There is some argument over the claim of Aryabhatta
being the inventor of place value system that made use
of zero. Georges Ifrah, in his work ‘Universal history of
numbers: From prehistory to the invention of the
computer (London, 1998)’ writes in work, “..it is
extremely likely that Aryabhatta knew the sign for zero
and the numerals of the place value system”. Georges
Ifrah has studied the works of Aryabhatta and found that
the counting and mathematical work carried out by him
would have been not possible without zero or place
value system.
 TS
EN
EM
E V
HI
AC
 The place-value system, first seen in the
3rd-century Bakhshali Manuscript, was
clearly in place in his achievement. While
he did not use a symbol for zero, the
French mathematician Georges If rah
argues that knowledge of zero was
implicit in Aryabhata's place-value
system as a place holder for the powers of
ten with null coefficients
 However, Aryabhata did not use the
Brahmi numerals. Continuing
the Sanskritic
  tradition from Vedic times, he used letters
of the alphabet to denote numbers,
expressing quantities, such as the table of
sines in a mnemonic
 Aryabhata described a geocentric model of the solar
system, in which the Sun and Moon are each carried
by epicycles. They in turn revolve around the Earth.
In this model, which is also found in
the Paitāmahasiddhānta (c. CE 425), the motions of
the planets are each governed by two epicycles, a
smaller manda (slow) and a larger śīghra (fast). The
order of the planets in terms of distance from earth is
taken as: the Moon, Mercury, Venus,
the Sun, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, and the asterisms."
 The positions and periods of the planets was
calculated relative to uniformly moving points. In the
case of Mercury and Venus, they move around the
Earth
 ECLIPSES
 Solar and lunar eclipses were scientifically
explained by Aryabhata. He states that the Moon and
planets shine by reflected sunlight. Instead of the
prevailing cosmogony in which eclipses were caused
by pseudo-planetary demons Rahu and Ketu, he
explains eclipses in terms of shadows cast by and
falling on Earth. These will only occur when the
earth-moon orbital plane intersects the earth-sun
orbital plane, at points called lunar nodes
 SIDEREAL PERIODS
 Considered in modern English units of time,
Aryabhata calculated the sidereal rotation (the
rotation of the earth referencing the fixed stars) as
23 hours, 56 minutes, and 4.1 seconds the
modern value is 23:56:4.091. Similarly, his value
for the length of the sidereal year at 365 days, 6
hours, 12 minutes, and 30 seconds (365.25858
days). is an error of 3 minutes and 20 seconds
over the length of a year (365.25636 days).
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