FLUID

MECHANIC
S

BY GROUP- 6 Guided By- Prasheet Mishra

 GROUP- 6
2101020291 BIBHU PRASAD NAYAK
2101020292 PRAGYNA MAHAPATRA
2101020293 SWAYAMSHU MOHANTY
2101020294 CHINMAYEE SWAIN
2101020295 TARANJEET SINGH CHHABRA
2101020296 ADITYA SWAIN
2101020297 SATYAJIT SINGH
2101020298 PUSHPESH PARASHAR
2101020299 ABHISHEK BARIK
2101020300 SUNNY KUMAR SINGH
What is Fluid Mechanics?

Fluid + Mechanics
 WHAT IS A FLUID?
Substances with no strength.
Deform when forces are applied.
Include water and gases.

Solid:
Deforms a fixed amount or breaks completely when a stress is applied on it.
Fluid:
Deforms continuously as long as any shear stress is applied.
 WHAT IS MECHANICS?

The study of motion and the forces which cause (or prevent) the motion.

Three types:
 Kinematics (kinetics): The description of motion: displacement,
velocity and acceleration.
 Statics: The study of forces acting on the particles or bodies at rest.
 Dynamics: The study of forces acting on the particles and bodies in
motion.
 TYPE OF STRESSES?

Stress = Force /Area

Shear stress/Tangential stress:

The force acting parallel to the surface per unit area of the surface.

Normal stress:
A force acting perpendicular to the surface per unit area of the surface.
 HOW DO WE STUDY FLUID
MECHANICS?
Example: Density of an ideal gas
PV=nRT,
Ideal gas equation of state
P: pressure (N/m 2 ), V: volume (m 3 ),
T:temperature (K), n:number of moles.
mass nM
= 
V V
pM
 =
RT
Stress α Strain (deformation)
du du
   = 
Newton’s law of viscosity: dy dy
: coefficient of viscosity (Dynamic viscosity)
 VISCOSITY
It is define as the resistance of a fluid which is being deformed by
the application of shear stress.
In everyday terms viscosity is “thickness”. Thus, water is “thin”
having a lower viscosity, while honey is “think” having a
higher viscosity.

 Common fluids, e.g., water, air, mercury obey Newton's law of

viscosity and are known as Newtonian fluid.
 Other classes of fluids, e.g., paints, polymer solution, blood do
not obey the typical linear relationship of stress and strain. They
are known as non-Newtonian fluids.
Unit of viscosity: Ns/m2 (Pa.s)
 CHALLENGES IN FLUID
MECHANICS
Blood Flow
 Very Complex
 Rheology of blood
 Walls are flexible
 Pressure-wave travels

along the arteries.

 Frequently encounter

bifurcation
 There are vary small veins
 BERNOULLI’S THEOREM
 Bernoulli's principle states that an increase in the speed of a
fluid occurs simultaneously with a decrease in static
pressure or a decrease in the fluid's potential energy.

The principle is named after Daniel Bernoulli who

published it in his book Hydrodynamica in 1738.
 ADVANTAGES:-
 Simple and compact.
 Can stand very high Temperature
environments.
 Silence due to Non-moving Parts.
 High efficiency.
 High power density.
DISADVANTAGES:-
 Superconductor technology
challenges prevents wider user.
 Reverse flow at end of magnetic
field.
 Large magnets is a major expense.
 Lack of accurate analitycal model.
 Non-Homogeneous distribution of
the fluid velocity and profile and
instability of the flow under certain
operating conditions.
 CONCLUSION:-
Fluid mechanics is often regarded as an empirical subject which
makes use of formulae based only on observed experimental
results. This misconception is further compounded by the
extensive use of 'coefficients' (discharge especially) to account
for effects which are difficult to model mathematically.