Amity School of Business

Amity School of Business

BBA, Semester 1
Computer Applications
Mr. Arpan Sinha
asinha1@amity.edu
9968385680
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Module - I

World of Computer

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Introduction to Computers
The Significance of Information Technology (IT) is well

recognized today. It has become a must for the survival of

business houses, with constantly growing need for qualitative

information technology. One of the major components of

information technology, that has gained increased popularly, is

the computer.
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What is Computer ?
Definition : The word ‘computer’ literally means ‘something that

computes’ or ‘calculates’. But considering a computer to be

merely a calculating device would to severely limit its powers.

“ A device that can operate upon information or data.”

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• It perform four primary operations are:

1. INPUT – Entering data into the computer

2. PROCESSING – performing operations on the data
3. OUTPUT – presenting the results
4. STORAGE – saving data, or output for future use.
ALU

Input CU Output

MEMORY
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Data
• Data is a collection of facts, figures and statistics related to an
object. Data can be processed to create useful information.
Data is a valuable asset for an organization.

• Data can be used by the managers to perform effective and

successful operations of management. It provides a view of
past activities related to the rise and fall of an organization. It
also enables the user to make better decision for future. Data is
very useful for generating reports, graphs and statistics.

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Information
• The manipulated and processed form of data is called

information. It is more meaningful than data. It is used for

making decisions. Data is used as input for processing and

information is used as output of this processing.

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Characteristics of a Computer
• Now-a-days computer is playing a main role in everyday life it has
become the need of people just like television, telephone or other
electronic devices at home. It solves the human problems very
quickly as well as accurately.
• The characteristics of a computer are:
1. Speed :
2. Spontaneous (Automatic)
3. Storage
4. No Feelings
5. Consistency
6. Communications
7. Diligence
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Computers in Your Life

• Computers in the home

• Computers in Education

• Computers in the Workplace

• Computers on the Go

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Computer Hardware
The physical parts of a computer are known as computer
hardware. You can touch, see and feel the hardware. The
hardware consists of electronic circuits and mechanical
equipment etc. used to perform various functions in the
computer.

The hardware components are:

1. Input devices
2. Output devices
3. Central Processing Unit (CPU)
4. Memory unit
5. Storage devices 10
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Now-a-days, the commonly used input devices are:
• Keyboard
• Mouse
• Scanner
• Microphone
• Digital Camera
• Optical Bar Code Reader
• Optical mark recognition (OMR)
• Touch Screen
• Joystick
• Magnetic Ink Character Recognition (MICR)

Note : floppy drives, hard disks and CD drives are used for both
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Output and Output Devices

The processed input data into a useful form is called output when input data is
processed, computer generates several types of output, depending upon the
hardware and software used and the requirements of the user. The user use
output on a screen, prints it on a paper or hear it through speakers.

Therefore, output is normally classifieds as:

•Softcopy Output

•Hardcopy Output

•Sound Output

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Output Devices
An output device is a hardware component used to get output from the
computer. There are number of output devices available. The commonly
used output devices are :

•Monitors:
•Plotters:
•Printer
– Two types of Printers:
• Impact Printer
• Non-impact Printers
•Speaker

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Generations of Computers
• The term generation indicates the type of technology used in the
computer construction. Therefore, computers can be divided into five
generations depending upon the technologies used.

These are:
– First Generation (1942 - 1955)
– Second Generation (1955 - 1964)
– Third Generation (1964 - 1975)
– Fourth Generation (Since 1975)
– Fifth Generation 1990 onward

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Application of Computer
Computer is playing very important role in every field of
life.

Computers are everywhere such as at home, at school. In

daily life a large number of activities are dependent on
computers.

The main fields where computer is playing very important

role are:

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Application of Computer in
1. Education

2. Entertainment

3. Science

4. Publishing

5. Agriculture

6. Government

7. Home
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Components of Computer System

• Computer is an electronic machine that is used to solve different kinds
of problems according to a set of instructions given to it. Computer
consists of different units that perform various functions. Therefore
computer system is defined as:
• The computer along with various units and software that performs
different activities in data processing are collectively known a
computer system. A computer system is divided into two sub-systems:
1. Computer Software
2. Computer Hardware

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Software
A set of instructions given to the computer in machine code
that tells the computer what to do and how to perform the
given task of the user is known as computer software. The
software is developed in computer programming languages.
You can not feel, touch or see software inside the computer
memory.
The Computer software is classified into two main categories:
1. Application Software
2. System Software
3. Utility Software

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Memory
Memory refers to chip-based storage. When the term
“memory” is used alone , it refers to chip –based storage used
by the computer-usually the amount of the computer’s main
memory (called RAM), which is located inside the system
unit. In contrast, “ storage” refers to the amount of long-term
storage available to a PC- usually in the form of the PC’s hard
drive or removal storage media such as CDs, DVDs, and USB
flash drives.

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Types of Main Memory

There are two types of main memory,
•Random Access Memory (RAM)
• SRAM
• DRAM
•Read Only Memory (ROM)
• PROM
• EPROM
• EEPROM
•Cache Memory
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Types of Computers
Computers can also be divided into three categories
depending upon their instruction and form of input data that
they accept and process. These are:

 Analog Computers
 Digital Computers
 Hybrid Computers

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On the Basis of Processing Speed and

Storage Capacity
• Computers are classified according to their data processing speed,
amount of data that they can hold and price. Generally, a computer
with high processing speed and large internal storage is called a big
computer. Due to rapidly improving technology, we are always
confused among the categories of computers.
Depending upon their speed and memory size, computers are
classified into following four main groups.

• Super Computer
• Mainframe Computer
• Mini Computer
• Micro Computer Or Personal Computer

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Thank You

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