PHYTOPLANKTON

FITRI SIL VALEN

UNIVERSITAS BANGKA BELITUNG

 PLANKTON DEFINITIONS
• PLANKTON : Organism living in
the water column, to small to be
able to swim counter to typical
oceans currents

• NEKTON: organism living in the

water colomn, capable of
exercising movement against
water flow
PLANKTON
 PLANKTON DEFINITION FEEDING
• PHYTOPLANKTON are photosynthetic plankton
(exeption; dinoflagellates have non-
photosynthesizing members)
• ZOOPLANKTON are animals living as plankton
• MIXOPLANKTON are organisms that may
function as animals but ingest phytoplankton
and maintain the chloroplast of their food
organism (phytoplankton), and the
chloroplast photosynthetisize in their new
host
 PHYTOPLANKTON
• A tiny aquatic organism that can turn sunlight into food via
photosynthesis
• They are the foundation of the marine food web
• They consume about as much carbondioxide as all of the world
(Atmospherealtering machines).
• Produse more than half oxygen on the planet.
• Coccolitophores make Balanced ocean chemistry by make cell calsium
carbonate (white cliffs of dover)
• Dinofllagellata also very cool, many of them can produse their own
light, too any of them can create red tide (super tiny creature can have
big impact)
• 2,5 b years ago, earth is a very different place, the ocean was green and
orange, the atsmosphire contain gasses like ammonia and methane
that wold immedietly kill us and the Cyanobachteria did the evolution
to pump huge oxygen call the Great Oxidation Event by ekploting the
number
 PLANKTON; DEFINITION-TIME SPENT
AS PLANKTON

• HOLOPLANKTON- plantonic organism that

complete their entire life cyrcle in the
plankton

• MEROPLANKTON- spent only a part oftheir

cyrcle in plankton.
– Most common example: planktonic larvae of benthic animals
 PLANKTON; DEFINITION-EXPOSRE

• PLEUSTON- plankton that live at surface but

protrude in air, such as Poruguese Man-of-war,
which has no surface float.

• NEUSTON- plankton associated with the water

surface, such as bacteria in surface film.
 PLANKTON
DEFINITIONS BY
SIZE
• Plankton come in
many different
sizes
• Fequently,
phytoplankton are
the smallest
organisms and
zooplankton are
the largest
MAJOR TYPES OF PHYTOPLANKTON
DIATOMS
Important resouces food
DINOFLAGELLATES
• Secrete organic test and have two flagella
• Size range typically of microplankton
• Asexual and sexual reproduction
• Often many life history stages
• Many species are heterotrophic (50%)
• Often abundant in trophics, midlatitudes in summer
• A few species are the cause of red tides which
concentrates toxins in shelfish
DINOFLAGELLATES
 DINOFLAGELLATES

• Dinoflagellata produce potent neurotoxins

called brevetoxin (Karenia brevis)
• Toxins accumulate in invertebrates that are
then consumed by fish, mamals that die
• When infected mussels, calms are eaten it is
called paralytic shellfish poisoning
• When phytoplankton cells die – bacterial
decomposersdegrade bodies-using up all the
oxygen and making large anoxic zones
COCCOLITHOPHORES
COCCOLITHOPHORES
• Other resources is nutrient, N,P, S, dll for growth and
potosytesis activity
• Nutrient can be very available by location by time of year