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Router and Switch Configuration Continued
Router and Switch Configuration Continued
Router and Switch Configuration Continued
Up arrow or Ctrl-p
This displays the most recently used command. If it is pressed again, the next most recent command appears until the history buffer is exhausted. (The p stands for previous.)
Down arrow If you have gone too far back into the history buffer, these keys will go forward to the more recently typed or Ctrl-n
commands. (The n is for next.)
This moves the cursor backward in the currently displayed command without deleting characters. (The b stands for back.) This moves the cursor forward in the currently displayed command without deleting characters. (The f stands for forward.) This moves the cursor backward in the currently displayed command, deleting characters.
Key Sequences
The key sequences are part of what Cisco calls enhanced editing mode. However, you can turn off these keystrokes with the no terminal editing exec command, and turn them back on with the terminal editing command. For the exam, just remember that you can enable and disable enhanced editing mode.
Show Commands
The most popular single IOS command is the show command. The show command has a very large variety of options, and with those options, you can nd the status of almost every feature of IOS. Essentially, the show command lists facts about the routers operational status that the router already knows.
RAM
Sometimes called DRAM for dynamic random-access memory, RAM is used by the router just as it is used by any other computer: for working storage. The running or active conguration le is stored here.
ROM
This type of memory (read-only memory) stores a bootable IOS image, which typically is not used for normal operation. ROM contains the code that is used to boot the router until the router knows where to get the full IOS image or as a backup bootable image, in case there are problems.
FLASH MEMORY
Either an EEPROM or a PCMCIA card, Flash memory stores fully functional IOS images and is the default location where the router gets its IOS at boot time. Flash memory also can be used to store any other les, including conguration les.
NVRAM
Nonvolatile RAM stores the initial or startup conguration le. All these types of memory, except RAM, are permanent memory. No hard disk or disk storage exists on Cisco routers.
EXAM QUESTIONS
IOS on a router uses a conguration le for the initial conguration at router startup and the active, running conguration le. The startup conguration le is in NVRAM; the other le, which is in RAM, is the one that the router uses during operation. When the router rst comes up, the router copies the stored conguration le from NVRAM into RAM.
Switch Initialization
A switch initializes when it is powered on. Like all computers, it performs some basic checks to discover what kind of hardware is installed, what is working, and what is not, and then it proceeds to load the operating system if enough of the hardware is in working order. You should know the basics of how a 2950 switch tells you its status during initialization by lighting the LEDs on the front panel of the switch.
Util
Duplex Speed