Automotive A/C systems

Presented by;
Anu
Jijish
Vipin
 Introduction

• First installation of air conditioning for cars in 1933.

• In 1953 was one of the first production cars to offer modern
automobile air conditioning.
• In 1954 was the first American automobile to have a front-end,
fully integrated heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning
system.
 Components of Refrigeration Cycle
A/C system is nothing more than a heat exchanger. There are only
6 major parts to the system.

 The Compressor
 The Condenser
 The Receiver/Dryer or Accumulator
 The Thermal Expansion Valve or Orifice Tube
 The Evaporator
 The Refrigerant
 Operating principles

Refrigeration Cycle

The ideal vapour compression

cycle consists of four
processes.

• Isentropic Compression
• Constant Pressure Heat
Rejection
• Expansion (Throttling)
• Constant Pressure Heat
Addition
 Car Heating System
• A heater core is a radiator-like device used in heating the cabin
of a vehicle.
•  Hot coolant passing through the heater core gives off heat
before returning to the engine cooling circuit.
• The fan for the vehicle's ventilation system forces air through
the heater core to transfer heat from the coolant to the cabin
air, which is directed into the vehicle through vents at various
points.
Thermatic and thermotronic a/c systems

thermatic THERMOTRONIC

Max of 2 zone
 Compressors

• The heart of the automotive A/C system.

• Separates the high and low sides of the system.
• Draws the low-pressure and low temperature vapour
from the evaporator and compresses it into high-
temperature, high-pressure vapor.
• Circulates the refrigerant through the A/C system
under the different pressures required.
• Driven by the crankshaft via a drive belt.
 Types of Compressors
• SWASH PLATE COMPRESSOR
o Also known as variable displacement
compressor
o Pistons arranged around and parallel to the
drive shaft.
o The pistons are driven by a wobble plate
or a swash plate.
o The angle of the swash plate determines the
stroke of the pistons.
o The angle is controlled by the difference in
pressure between the outlet and inlet of the
compressor.
• ROTARY VANE COMPRESSOR

o It has a rotor with several vanes and a carefully shaped housing.

o The sliding vanes seal against the housing at both ends

o The vanes are sealed against the housing by centrifugal force and lubricating
oil.
• SCROLL TYPE COMPRESSOR

o It has a movable scroll and a fixed or non-movable

scroll that provide an eccentric-like motion.

o As the compressor’s crankshaft rotates, the movable

scroll forces the refrigerant against the fixed scroll and
toward the center of the compressor.

o They are smaller and operate more smoothly than other

designs.
THE COMPRESSOR CLUTCH
The compressor Clutch
Assembly has 3 major
components.
 The Coil
 The Pulley
 The Clutch

The compressor is an electromagnet Clutch Assembly that can

engage and disengage to the compressor drive
 The Condenser
• This is the area in which heat
dissipation occurs. The Condenser,
in many cases, will have much the
same appearance as the radiator in
you car as the two have very similar functions.
The Condenser is designed to radiate heat. Its location
is usually in front of the radiator.

• As hot compressed gasses are introduced into the top of the

Condenser, they’re cooled off. As the gas cools, it condenses
and exits the bottom of the Condenser as a high pressure
liquid.
 The Receiver /Dryer
• Separate gas and liquid
• Remove moisture
• Filter out debris

Accumulator
• Connected into the low side
at the outlet of evaporator.
• Prevents liquid from entering
the compressor
 Thermal Expansion Valve
• Located on inlet side of
evaporator.

• To control the flow of

refrigerant to obtain
maximum cooling while
ensuring complete
evaporation of the liquid
within the evaporator.
The Evaporator
• Dehumidifies the airstream
• Serves as the heat absorption component
• Remove heat from the inside of vehicle
• Refrigerant enters the bottom of the Evaporator as a low
pressure liquid. The warm air passing through the Evaporator
fins causes the refrigerant to boil.
• As the refrigerant begins to boil, it can absorb large amounts
of heat.
 Refrigerant
• A refrigerant is a substance or mixture, usually a fluid, used in
a refrigeration cycle.
• Most pre-1994 model year vehicles used CFC-12 (Also called
R-12 & Freon)
• 1995 and up model year vehicles use HFC-134a refrigerant,
also referred to as R-134a.
• Many (but not all) older systems that were designed to operate
with CFC-12 can be retrofitted to use HFC-134a.
R134a Refrigerant
• Tetrafluoroethane(CH2FCF3)
• It is safe for normal handling as it is non-toxic, non-flammable
and non-corrosive.

Boiling Point -14.9°F or -26.1°C

Auto-Ignition Temperature 1418°F or 770°C
Ozone Depletion Level 0
Solubility In Water 0.11% by weight at 77°F or 25°C

Critical Temperature 252°F or 122°C

Cylinder Color Code Light Blue
Global Warming Potential (GWP) 1200
 AC Gas Charging Machine
• Fully Automatic

• Use on Automotive R134A Air

Conditioning systems

• Automatically controls the

recovery ,recycling and Recharging
process for the oil.
Thank You