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Data Communication and Computer Networks (Ece-4308)
Data Communication and Computer Networks (Ece-4308)
Firew Tadele
Outline
Data Transmission
Transmission impairments
Encoding, modulation, multiplexing, and transmission
media.
Switching
Circuit , Packet & Cell switching technologies
Data Transmission
These devices act as a sending antenna, and the transmission medium acts as the
receiving antenna.
Crosstalk is the effect of one wire on the other. One wire acts as a sending antenna and
the other as the receiving antenna.
Impulse noise is a spike (a signal with high energy in a very short time) that comes
from power lines, lightning, and so on.
Cont…
Key data transmission terms
Cont.
1. Encoding
Whenever the signal is significantly lower than this average, the receiver concludes that it has just seen a 0, and likewise, a
signal that is significantly higher than the average is interpreted to be a 1.
The problem is that too many consecutive 1s or 0s cause this average to change, making it more difficult to detect a
significant change in the signal.
Coaxial cable
Optical fiber
CONT.
Twisted Pair
Cont.
Twisted Pair - Applications
Most common medium
Telephone network
Between house and local exchange (subscriber loop)
Within buildings
To private branch exchange (PBX)
Pros
Cheap
Easy to work with
Cons
Low data rate
Short range
Cont.
Unshielded and Shielded TP
Greater capacity
Data rates of hundreds of Gbps
Smaller size & weight
Lower attenuation
Electromagnetic isolation
Greater repeater spacing
10s of km at least
Applications
Long-haul trunks
Metropolitan trunks
Rural exchange trunks
Subscriber loops
LANs
Cont.
Unguided Transmission Media
Wireless transmission
Transmission and reception via antenna
Frequencies
2GHz to 40GHz
Microwave
Highly directional
Point to point
Satellite
30MHz to 1GHz
Omni directional
Broadcast radio
3 x 1011 to 2 x 1014
Infrared
Laser
Cont.
3. MULTIPLEXING
Whenever the bandwidth of a medium linking two devices is greater than the
bandwidth needs of the devices, the link can be shared. Multiplexing is the set
of techniques that allows the simultaneous transmission of multiple signals
across a single data link. As data and telecommunications use increases, so
does traffic.
Frequency-Division Multiplexing (analog signals)
Wavelength-Division Multiplexing (Optical signals)
Time-Division Multiplexing (Digital signals)
4. Data Switching
QUESTIONS?